JEWISH KING JESUS IS COMING AT THE RAPTURE FOR US IN THE CLOUDS-DON'T MISS IT FOR THE WORLD.THE BIBLE TAKEN LITERALLY- WHEN THE PLAIN SENSE MAKES GOOD SENSE-SEEK NO OTHER SENSE-LEST YOU END UP IN NONSENSE.GET SAVED NOW- CALL ON JESUS TODAY.THE ONLY SAVIOR OF THE WHOLE EARTH - NO OTHER.
1 COR 15:23-JESUS THE FIRST FRUITS-CHRISTIANS RAPTURED TO JESUS-FIRST FRUITS OF THE SPIRIT-23 But every man in his own order: Christ the firstfruits; afterward they that are Christ’s at his coming.ROMANS 8:23 And not only they, but ourselves also, which have the firstfruits of the Spirit, even we ourselves groan within ourselves, waiting for the adoption, to wit, the redemption of our body.(THE PRE-TRIB RAPTURE)
UPDATE JUNE 03,2015-04:30AM
THEY HAVE RESTARTED CERN TODAY TO HUNT FOR THE DARK MATTER.THEY ARE PUTTING IT ON FULL GEAR.CERN HAS RESTARTED.
JUDE 1:13
13 Raging waves of the sea, foaming out their own shame; wandering stars, to whom is reserved the blackness of darkness for ever.(I BELIEVE CERN MIGHT DISCOVER THE LAKE OF FIRE IN THE OUTTER DARKNESS.OR IN A BLACK HOLE.THIS WOULD LITERALLY MAKE THIS BIBLE VERSE TRUE.THAT THE LAKE OF FIRE IS OUT IN THE OUTTER DARKNESS OF THE UNIVERSE.WERE ALL THE LOST WILL BE THROWN IN AFTER THE JUDGEMENT SEAT OF CHRIST FOR THEM.AT THE WHITE THRONE JUDGEMENT.IF CERN DOES DISCOVER THE LAKE OF FIRE.PEOPLE WILL BE FORCED TO BELIEVE THE BIBLE.THAT THE BURNING SULFER AND FLAMES OF THE LAKE OF FIRE REALLY EXIST.GOD WILL USE THESE GODLESS CERN MEMBERS TO PROVE TO THE WORLD.THE LAKE OF FIRE AND TORMENTS FOREVER.IS REAL.FOR THE LOST.
REVELATION 19:20
20 And the beast (EU WORLD DICTATOR) was taken, and with him the false (VATICAN POPE) prophet that wrought miracles before him, with which he deceived them that had received the mark of the beast, and them that worshipped his image. These both were cast alive into a lake of fire burning with brimstone.(AT THE END OF THE 7 YEAR TRIBULATION PERIOD.WHEN JESUS RETURNS TO EARTH)
REVELATION 20:1-3
1 And I saw an angel come down from heaven, having the key of the bottomless pit and a great chain in his hand.
2 And he (JESUS) laid hold on the dragon, that old serpent, which is the Devil, and Satan, and bound him a thousand years,
3 And cast him into the bottomless pit, and shut him up, and set a seal upon him, that he should deceive the nations no more, till the thousand years should be fulfilled: and after that he must be loosed a little season.(SATAN GETS THROWN IN THE LAKE OF FIRE AFTER JESUS 1,000 YEAR RULE ON EARTH.WHEN ALL THE LOST FROM THE BEGGINING OF THE EARTH BEING CREATED.WILL BE JUDGED AND THROWN INTO THE LAKE OF FIRE IN THE OUTTER DARNESS OF A BLACK HOLE I BELIEVE.) ALSO.
REVELATION 20:10-15
10 And (AFTER JESUS' THOUSAND YEAR REIGN ON EARTH) the devil that deceived them was cast into the lake of fire and brimstone, where the beast (WORLD DICTATOR) and the false (VATICAN) prophet are, and shall be tormented day and night for ever and ever.(THE DICTATOR AND FALSE POPE HAVE BEEN BURNING IN THE LAKE OF FIRE FOR THE LAST THOUSAND YEARS AT THIS POINT.PROOF THE BIBLE SAYS THAT YOU ARE TORMENTED FOREVER IN THE LAKE OF FIRE.NO ANNIALATION FALSE NONESENSE BELIEF)
11 And I saw a great white throne, and him that sat on it, from whose face the earth and the heaven fled away; and there was found no place for them.
12 And I saw the dead, small and great, stand before God; and the books were opened: and another book was opened, which is the book of life: and the dead were judged out of those things which were written in the books, according to their works.
13 And the sea gave up the dead which were in it; and death and hell delivered up the dead which were in them: and they were judged every man according to their works.
14 And death and hell were cast into the lake of fire. This is the second death.
15 And whosoever was not found written in the book of life was cast into the lake of fire.(AND ALL THE LOST BURN IN THE LAKE OF FIRE FOREVER IN OUTTER DARKNESS IN A BLACK HOLE I BELIEVE.FROM THIS POINT ON AFTER THEY STAND IN FRONT OF JESUS FOR THEIR FINAL JUDGEMENT.)
2 CORINTHIANS 5:10
10 For we must all (MEANS EVERYONE EVER BORN ON EARTH FROM ADAM-EVE ON) appear before the judgment seat of Christ; that every one may receive the things done in his body, according to that he hath done, whether it be good or bad.(EVERYBODY GIVE ACCOUNT TO JESUS OF EVERY ASPECT OF THEIR LIVES)(THE ONES WHO HATE OR BELIEVE THERE IS NO GOD.WILL SURE HAVE A WAKE UP CALL WHEN THEY STAND IN FRONT OF JESUS.AND HAVE TO TAKE RESPONSIBILITY FOR EVERYTHING THEY DONE IN THEIR LIVES.)
Live blog: LHC experiments to start taking data at 13 TeV-Posted by Cian O'Luanaigh on 3 Jun 2015. Last updated 3 Jun 2015, 09.07.CERN-JUNE 3,2015
Today's the day! The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is set to start delivering physics data to its experiments for the first time in 27 months.After nearly two years of maintenance and repair, as well as several months of re-commissioning, the experiments at the world's largest particle accelerator are now ready to take data at the unprecedented energy of 13 teraelectronvolts (TeV) – almost double the collision energy of the LHC's first, three-year run. Data taking will mark the start of season 2 at the LHC, opening the way to new frontiers in physics.For all the day's action, follow our Live Blog "LHC Season 2: New frontiers in physics" where we'll be posting all the latest from the CERN Control Centre.
http://home.web.cern.ch/about/updates/2015/06/live-blog-lhc-experiments-start-taking-data-13-tev
http://home.web.cern.ch/topics/large-hadron-collider
CERN BLOG UPDATES
http://run2-13tev.web.cern.ch/
Dark matter-cern
Invisible dark matter makes up most of the universe – but we can only detect it from its gravitational effects
Galaxies in our universe seem to be achieving an impossible feat. They are rotating with such speed that the gravity generated by their observable matter could not possibly hold them together; they should have torn themselves apart long ago. The same is true of galaxies in clusters, which leads scientists to believe that something we cannot see is at work. They think something we have yet to detect directly is giving these galaxies extra mass, generating the extra gravity they need to stay intact. This strange and unknown matter was called “dark matter” since it is not visible.
Dark matter
Unlike normal matter, dark matter does not interact with the electromagnetic force. This means it does not absorb, reflect or emit light, making it extremely hard to spot. In fact, researchers have been able to infer the existence of dark matter only from the gravitational effect it seems to have on visible matter. Dark matter seems to outweigh visible matter roughly six to one, making up about 27% of the universe. Here's a sobering fact: The matter we know and that makes up all stars and galaxies only accounts for 5% of the content of the universe! But what is dark matter? One idea is that it could contain "supersymmetric particles" – hypothesized particles that are partners to those already known in the Standard Model. Experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) may provide more direct clues about dark matter.
Many theories say the dark matter particles would be light enough to be produced at the LHC. If they were created at the LHC, they would escape through the detectors unnoticed. However, they would carry away energy and momentum, so physicists could infer their existence from the amount of energy and momentum “missing” after a collision. Dark matter candidates arise frequently in theories that suggest physics beyond the Standard Model, such as supersymmetry and extra dimensions. One theory suggests the existence of a “Hidden Valley”, a parallel world made of dark matter having very little in common with matter we know. If one of these theories proved to be true, it could help scientists gain a better understanding of the composition of our universe and, in particular, how galaxies hold together.
Dark energy
Dark energy makes up approximately 68% of the universe and appears to be associated with the vacuum in space. It is distributed evenly throughout the universe, not only in space but also in time – in other words, its effect is not diluted as the universe expands. The even distribution means that dark energy does not have any local gravitational effects, but rather a global effect on the universe as a whole. This leads to a repulsive force, which tends to accelerate the expansion of the universe. The rate of expansion and its acceleration can be measured by observations based on the Hubble law. These measurements, together with other scientific data, have confirmed the existence of dark energy and provide an estimate of just how much of this mysterious substance exists.
Black Holes Might Make Dark Matter Shine-by Calla Cofield, Space.com Staff Writer | May 14, 2015 07:00am ET
Black Hole Eating Material-[Pin It] An artist's concept shows a black hole eating material from a nearby star. Researchers say its possible dark matter swirling around a black hole could radiate gamma rays that could be seen by telescopes.
Dark matter circling the drain of a massive black hole could radiate gamma-rays that might be visible from Earth, according to new research.Dark matter is five times more plentiful in the universe than regular matter, but it does not emit, reflect or absorb light, making it not just dark but entirely transparent. But if dark-matter particles around black holes can produce gamma-rays (high-energy light), such emissions would give scientists a new way to study this mysterious material.The process responsible for creating the gamma-rays is somewhat counterintuitive, because it seems to defy two common assumptions: that nothing can escape from a black hole and that there's no such thing as a free lunch. [Images of Dark Matter Throughout the Universe]-Dark matter and dark energy are elusive, invisible phenomena scientists have long been hunting. Will dark matter and dark energy ever be actually seen?-Yes, it's only a matter of time and technology to see these elusive targets.Maybe, but scientists may debate the discovery for years before it is accepted.No, there are some things in this universe humans are not meant to understand.
View Results Share This
Improbable escape
Jeremy Schnittman is a theoretical astrophysicist at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, and he's beginning a project to look through data from the Fermi Gamma-ray Space telescope for signs of high-energy light around the edge of a black hole that might have been created by dark matter."We're really just getting started on this part of the problem," Schnittman said. "As a theoretical astrophysicist, I haven't done a lot of data analysis in my career, so it's a little bit of a learning curve for me. But fortunately I'm surrounded by people here at Goddard who are real experts at the Fermi data."Schnittman's search for this dark-matter signal began with a computer program that he has been developing for about 10 years. It models in 3D the paths of particles as they zip through space near a black hole, while some of them get close enough to orbit around the black hole or fall in.Infographic: What is known about the mysterious dark matter that fills the universe.Astronomers know more about what dark matter is not than what it actually is. See what scientists know about dark matter in this SPACE.com infographic.
Just over a year ago, he decided to adjust the program to model dark-matter particles. The resulting video shows how the subatomic bits get caught up in the gravitational pull of the black hole and swirl around it in a region called the ergosphere (where all particles must orbit in the direction of the black hole's spin). Some of the particles collide and destroy each other (also known as annihilation), and this produces a pair of gamma-rays.These particles of light might normally fall into the black hole, helpless against its gravitational pull, were it not for something called the Penrose process.In 1969, astrophysicist Roger Penrose showed that if two photons are created very close to a black hole, it's possible for one of them to escape, while the other falls in. This flies counter to the commonly held idea that nothing can escape from a black hole, or at least nothing that goes past the "event horizon" — the point at which the gravitational pull is so strong that nothing, not even light, can ever exert enough force to get away.According to the Penrose principle, the particles are not created beyond this point of no return, but under normal circumstances, it's unlikely that either particle would have any means of getting away from the black hole. So the Penrose process still changes the fate of at least one particle, giving it an escape route.In 2009, a group of researchers showed that the Penrose process could be applied to dark-matter particles that annihilate and form two gamma-rays. If dark-matter particles are annihilating near the surface of a black hole, telescopes on Earth could detect the escaping gamma-rays.Schnittman's work using the 3D computer model has shown many more paths that the particles can take, including some that are more likely to produce gamma-rays that can escape the black hole, and with even higher energies than had been previously predicted. A brief description of those results was published in the journal Physical Review Letters last December, and a longer description of the work has been accepted to the Astrophysical Journal.With those results, Schnittman and his colleagues are now looking for this signal, although they said they expect it to be very dim compared to many other gamma-ray sources. The researchers are creating a list of target galaxies that have few gamma-ray sources and very massive black holes."The bigger the black hole, the bigger the signal," Schnittman said. "It scales in a way that as your black hole [mass] goes up by a factor of 10, the expected signal goes way up, by something like a factor of 1,000.
"The first pass at observing this effect is almost certainly not going to yield an actual detection. But it will provide probably the strongest upper limit on this type of process that has ever been seen before — the idea of high-energy dark-matter particle reactions. Even that is progress." [The Gamma-Ray Universe in
Computer Model of the Dark-Matter Gamma-Ray Signal-[Pin It] A 3D computer model of what the dark-matter gamma-ray signal might look like around a black hole. Because the particles are orbiting around the black hole (left to right) the signal is only visible on one side.
The particles that escape the black hole via the Penrose process not only go free, but they also leave with more energy than they started with. In fact, they have more energy than the pair of particles had combined. This, it would seem, is a free lunch.Since Penrose's original work, scientists have shown that not only does the escaping particle steal energy from its partner (essentially pushing off the other particle), but it also steals energy from the spinning black hole. Every Penrose particle that escapes slows the spin of the black hole by a very, very tiny amount.(When he originally proposed the idea, Penrose wrote that this phenomenon could be used by an advanced society as an energy-producing garbage disposal, in which the garbage serves as the particle that falls into the black hole, producing a flux of high energy particles that escapes.) Schnittman said he is reserved in his hopes for finding a dark-matter signal in the Fermi data. Not only will it be difficult to see such a small signal amid the noise of gamma-rays in the universe, but the existence of the signal also relies on a major unknown: whether or not dark-matter particles create gamma-rays when they annihilate. The fact is, scientists don't know what dark matter is made of, and they don't know if dark-matter particles will annihilate in the way that Schnittman's model predicts, if they do so at all. So if Schnittman did find a signal, it would mean a major breakthrough in the study of the nature of dark matter."That's Nobel Prize kind of stuff," Schnittman said. "It's a long shot, but it would be a tremendous payoff if we found actual confirmation of dark-matter annihilation."
UPDATE JUNE 03,2015-04:30AM
THEY HAVE RESTARTED CERN TODAY TO HUNT FOR THE DARK MATTER.THEY ARE PUTTING IT ON FULL GEAR.CERN HAS RESTARTED.
JUDE 1:13
13 Raging waves of the sea, foaming out their own shame; wandering stars, to whom is reserved the blackness of darkness for ever.(I BELIEVE CERN MIGHT DISCOVER THE LAKE OF FIRE IN THE OUTTER DARKNESS.OR IN A BLACK HOLE.THIS WOULD LITERALLY MAKE THIS BIBLE VERSE TRUE.THAT THE LAKE OF FIRE IS OUT IN THE OUTTER DARKNESS OF THE UNIVERSE.WERE ALL THE LOST WILL BE THROWN IN AFTER THE JUDGEMENT SEAT OF CHRIST FOR THEM.AT THE WHITE THRONE JUDGEMENT.IF CERN DOES DISCOVER THE LAKE OF FIRE.PEOPLE WILL BE FORCED TO BELIEVE THE BIBLE.THAT THE BURNING SULFER AND FLAMES OF THE LAKE OF FIRE REALLY EXIST.GOD WILL USE THESE GODLESS CERN MEMBERS TO PROVE TO THE WORLD.THE LAKE OF FIRE AND TORMENTS FOREVER.IS REAL.FOR THE LOST.
REVELATION 19:20
20 And the beast (EU WORLD DICTATOR) was taken, and with him the false (VATICAN POPE) prophet that wrought miracles before him, with which he deceived them that had received the mark of the beast, and them that worshipped his image. These both were cast alive into a lake of fire burning with brimstone.(AT THE END OF THE 7 YEAR TRIBULATION PERIOD.WHEN JESUS RETURNS TO EARTH)
REVELATION 20:1-3
1 And I saw an angel come down from heaven, having the key of the bottomless pit and a great chain in his hand.
2 And he (JESUS) laid hold on the dragon, that old serpent, which is the Devil, and Satan, and bound him a thousand years,
3 And cast him into the bottomless pit, and shut him up, and set a seal upon him, that he should deceive the nations no more, till the thousand years should be fulfilled: and after that he must be loosed a little season.(SATAN GETS THROWN IN THE LAKE OF FIRE AFTER JESUS 1,000 YEAR RULE ON EARTH.WHEN ALL THE LOST FROM THE BEGGINING OF THE EARTH BEING CREATED.WILL BE JUDGED AND THROWN INTO THE LAKE OF FIRE IN THE OUTTER DARNESS OF A BLACK HOLE I BELIEVE.) ALSO.
REVELATION 20:10-15
10 And (AFTER JESUS' THOUSAND YEAR REIGN ON EARTH) the devil that deceived them was cast into the lake of fire and brimstone, where the beast (WORLD DICTATOR) and the false (VATICAN) prophet are, and shall be tormented day and night for ever and ever.(THE DICTATOR AND FALSE POPE HAVE BEEN BURNING IN THE LAKE OF FIRE FOR THE LAST THOUSAND YEARS AT THIS POINT.PROOF THE BIBLE SAYS THAT YOU ARE TORMENTED FOREVER IN THE LAKE OF FIRE.NO ANNIALATION FALSE NONESENSE BELIEF)
11 And I saw a great white throne, and him that sat on it, from whose face the earth and the heaven fled away; and there was found no place for them.
12 And I saw the dead, small and great, stand before God; and the books were opened: and another book was opened, which is the book of life: and the dead were judged out of those things which were written in the books, according to their works.
13 And the sea gave up the dead which were in it; and death and hell delivered up the dead which were in them: and they were judged every man according to their works.
14 And death and hell were cast into the lake of fire. This is the second death.
15 And whosoever was not found written in the book of life was cast into the lake of fire.(AND ALL THE LOST BURN IN THE LAKE OF FIRE FOREVER IN OUTTER DARKNESS IN A BLACK HOLE I BELIEVE.FROM THIS POINT ON AFTER THEY STAND IN FRONT OF JESUS FOR THEIR FINAL JUDGEMENT.)
2 CORINTHIANS 5:10
10 For we must all (MEANS EVERYONE EVER BORN ON EARTH FROM ADAM-EVE ON) appear before the judgment seat of Christ; that every one may receive the things done in his body, according to that he hath done, whether it be good or bad.(EVERYBODY GIVE ACCOUNT TO JESUS OF EVERY ASPECT OF THEIR LIVES)(THE ONES WHO HATE OR BELIEVE THERE IS NO GOD.WILL SURE HAVE A WAKE UP CALL WHEN THEY STAND IN FRONT OF JESUS.AND HAVE TO TAKE RESPONSIBILITY FOR EVERYTHING THEY DONE IN THEIR LIVES.)
Live blog: LHC experiments to start taking data at 13 TeV-Posted by Cian O'Luanaigh on 3 Jun 2015. Last updated 3 Jun 2015, 09.07.CERN-JUNE 3,2015
Today's the day! The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is set to start delivering physics data to its experiments for the first time in 27 months.After nearly two years of maintenance and repair, as well as several months of re-commissioning, the experiments at the world's largest particle accelerator are now ready to take data at the unprecedented energy of 13 teraelectronvolts (TeV) – almost double the collision energy of the LHC's first, three-year run. Data taking will mark the start of season 2 at the LHC, opening the way to new frontiers in physics.For all the day's action, follow our Live Blog "LHC Season 2: New frontiers in physics" where we'll be posting all the latest from the CERN Control Centre.
http://home.web.cern.ch/about/updates/2015/06/live-blog-lhc-experiments-start-taking-data-13-tev
http://home.web.cern.ch/topics/large-hadron-collider
CERN BLOG UPDATES
http://run2-13tev.web.cern.ch/
Dark matter-cern
Invisible dark matter makes up most of the universe – but we can only detect it from its gravitational effects
Galaxies in our universe seem to be achieving an impossible feat. They are rotating with such speed that the gravity generated by their observable matter could not possibly hold them together; they should have torn themselves apart long ago. The same is true of galaxies in clusters, which leads scientists to believe that something we cannot see is at work. They think something we have yet to detect directly is giving these galaxies extra mass, generating the extra gravity they need to stay intact. This strange and unknown matter was called “dark matter” since it is not visible.
Dark matter
Unlike normal matter, dark matter does not interact with the electromagnetic force. This means it does not absorb, reflect or emit light, making it extremely hard to spot. In fact, researchers have been able to infer the existence of dark matter only from the gravitational effect it seems to have on visible matter. Dark matter seems to outweigh visible matter roughly six to one, making up about 27% of the universe. Here's a sobering fact: The matter we know and that makes up all stars and galaxies only accounts for 5% of the content of the universe! But what is dark matter? One idea is that it could contain "supersymmetric particles" – hypothesized particles that are partners to those already known in the Standard Model. Experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) may provide more direct clues about dark matter.
Many theories say the dark matter particles would be light enough to be produced at the LHC. If they were created at the LHC, they would escape through the detectors unnoticed. However, they would carry away energy and momentum, so physicists could infer their existence from the amount of energy and momentum “missing” after a collision. Dark matter candidates arise frequently in theories that suggest physics beyond the Standard Model, such as supersymmetry and extra dimensions. One theory suggests the existence of a “Hidden Valley”, a parallel world made of dark matter having very little in common with matter we know. If one of these theories proved to be true, it could help scientists gain a better understanding of the composition of our universe and, in particular, how galaxies hold together.
Dark energy
Dark energy makes up approximately 68% of the universe and appears to be associated with the vacuum in space. It is distributed evenly throughout the universe, not only in space but also in time – in other words, its effect is not diluted as the universe expands. The even distribution means that dark energy does not have any local gravitational effects, but rather a global effect on the universe as a whole. This leads to a repulsive force, which tends to accelerate the expansion of the universe. The rate of expansion and its acceleration can be measured by observations based on the Hubble law. These measurements, together with other scientific data, have confirmed the existence of dark energy and provide an estimate of just how much of this mysterious substance exists.
Black Holes Might Make Dark Matter Shine-by Calla Cofield, Space.com Staff Writer | May 14, 2015 07:00am ET
Black Hole Eating Material-[Pin It] An artist's concept shows a black hole eating material from a nearby star. Researchers say its possible dark matter swirling around a black hole could radiate gamma rays that could be seen by telescopes.
Dark matter circling the drain of a massive black hole could radiate gamma-rays that might be visible from Earth, according to new research.Dark matter is five times more plentiful in the universe than regular matter, but it does not emit, reflect or absorb light, making it not just dark but entirely transparent. But if dark-matter particles around black holes can produce gamma-rays (high-energy light), such emissions would give scientists a new way to study this mysterious material.The process responsible for creating the gamma-rays is somewhat counterintuitive, because it seems to defy two common assumptions: that nothing can escape from a black hole and that there's no such thing as a free lunch. [Images of Dark Matter Throughout the Universe]-Dark matter and dark energy are elusive, invisible phenomena scientists have long been hunting. Will dark matter and dark energy ever be actually seen?-Yes, it's only a matter of time and technology to see these elusive targets.Maybe, but scientists may debate the discovery for years before it is accepted.No, there are some things in this universe humans are not meant to understand.
View Results Share This
Improbable escape
Jeremy Schnittman is a theoretical astrophysicist at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, and he's beginning a project to look through data from the Fermi Gamma-ray Space telescope for signs of high-energy light around the edge of a black hole that might have been created by dark matter."We're really just getting started on this part of the problem," Schnittman said. "As a theoretical astrophysicist, I haven't done a lot of data analysis in my career, so it's a little bit of a learning curve for me. But fortunately I'm surrounded by people here at Goddard who are real experts at the Fermi data."Schnittman's search for this dark-matter signal began with a computer program that he has been developing for about 10 years. It models in 3D the paths of particles as they zip through space near a black hole, while some of them get close enough to orbit around the black hole or fall in.Infographic: What is known about the mysterious dark matter that fills the universe.Astronomers know more about what dark matter is not than what it actually is. See what scientists know about dark matter in this SPACE.com infographic.
Just over a year ago, he decided to adjust the program to model dark-matter particles. The resulting video shows how the subatomic bits get caught up in the gravitational pull of the black hole and swirl around it in a region called the ergosphere (where all particles must orbit in the direction of the black hole's spin). Some of the particles collide and destroy each other (also known as annihilation), and this produces a pair of gamma-rays.These particles of light might normally fall into the black hole, helpless against its gravitational pull, were it not for something called the Penrose process.In 1969, astrophysicist Roger Penrose showed that if two photons are created very close to a black hole, it's possible for one of them to escape, while the other falls in. This flies counter to the commonly held idea that nothing can escape from a black hole, or at least nothing that goes past the "event horizon" — the point at which the gravitational pull is so strong that nothing, not even light, can ever exert enough force to get away.According to the Penrose principle, the particles are not created beyond this point of no return, but under normal circumstances, it's unlikely that either particle would have any means of getting away from the black hole. So the Penrose process still changes the fate of at least one particle, giving it an escape route.In 2009, a group of researchers showed that the Penrose process could be applied to dark-matter particles that annihilate and form two gamma-rays. If dark-matter particles are annihilating near the surface of a black hole, telescopes on Earth could detect the escaping gamma-rays.Schnittman's work using the 3D computer model has shown many more paths that the particles can take, including some that are more likely to produce gamma-rays that can escape the black hole, and with even higher energies than had been previously predicted. A brief description of those results was published in the journal Physical Review Letters last December, and a longer description of the work has been accepted to the Astrophysical Journal.With those results, Schnittman and his colleagues are now looking for this signal, although they said they expect it to be very dim compared to many other gamma-ray sources. The researchers are creating a list of target galaxies that have few gamma-ray sources and very massive black holes."The bigger the black hole, the bigger the signal," Schnittman said. "It scales in a way that as your black hole [mass] goes up by a factor of 10, the expected signal goes way up, by something like a factor of 1,000.
"The first pass at observing this effect is almost certainly not going to yield an actual detection. But it will provide probably the strongest upper limit on this type of process that has ever been seen before — the idea of high-energy dark-matter particle reactions. Even that is progress." [The Gamma-Ray Universe in
Computer Model of the Dark-Matter Gamma-Ray Signal-[Pin It] A 3D computer model of what the dark-matter gamma-ray signal might look like around a black hole. Because the particles are orbiting around the black hole (left to right) the signal is only visible on one side.
The particles that escape the black hole via the Penrose process not only go free, but they also leave with more energy than they started with. In fact, they have more energy than the pair of particles had combined. This, it would seem, is a free lunch.Since Penrose's original work, scientists have shown that not only does the escaping particle steal energy from its partner (essentially pushing off the other particle), but it also steals energy from the spinning black hole. Every Penrose particle that escapes slows the spin of the black hole by a very, very tiny amount.(When he originally proposed the idea, Penrose wrote that this phenomenon could be used by an advanced society as an energy-producing garbage disposal, in which the garbage serves as the particle that falls into the black hole, producing a flux of high energy particles that escapes.) Schnittman said he is reserved in his hopes for finding a dark-matter signal in the Fermi data. Not only will it be difficult to see such a small signal amid the noise of gamma-rays in the universe, but the existence of the signal also relies on a major unknown: whether or not dark-matter particles create gamma-rays when they annihilate. The fact is, scientists don't know what dark matter is made of, and they don't know if dark-matter particles will annihilate in the way that Schnittman's model predicts, if they do so at all. So if Schnittman did find a signal, it would mean a major breakthrough in the study of the nature of dark matter."That's Nobel Prize kind of stuff," Schnittman said. "It's a long shot, but it would be a tremendous payoff if we found actual confirmation of dark-matter annihilation."
