Showing posts with label MONKEY POX THE 2022 NEW COVID SCAM. Show all posts
Showing posts with label MONKEY POX THE 2022 NEW COVID SCAM. Show all posts

Saturday, May 21, 2022

GET READY MONKEY VIRUS IS BEING PROPAGANDISED BY THE LIBERAL MEDIA WHORES.

JEWISH KING JESUS IS COMING AT THE RAPTURE FOR US IN THE CLOUDS-DON'T MISS IT FOR THE WORLD.THE BIBLE TAKEN LITERALLY- WHEN THE PLAIN SENSE MAKES GOOD SENSE-SEEK NO OTHER SENSE-LEST YOU END UP IN NONSENSE.GET SAVED NOW- CALL ON JESUS TODAY.THE ONLY SAVIOR OF THE WHOLE EARTH - NO OTHER. 1 COR 15:23-JESUS THE FIRST FRUITS-CHRISTIANS RAPTURED TO JESUS-FIRST FRUITS OF THE SPIRIT-23 But every man in his own order: Christ the firstfruits; afterward they that are Christ’s at his coming.ROMANS 8:23 And not only they, but ourselves also, which have the firstfruits of the Spirit, even we ourselves groan within ourselves, waiting for the adoption, to wit, the redemption of our body.(THE PRE-TRIB RAPTURE)

 GET READY MONKEY VIRUS IS BEING PROPAGANDISED BY THE LIBERAL MEDIA WHORES.

JAGMEET SINGH NDP LEADER BETTER TAKE THAT TOWEL FROM HIS HEAD AND GET BACK TO INDIA. WERE HE CAN TELL INDIANS THAT THEY WANT MANDATORY PASSPORTS AND MANDATORY VACCINES. NOT CANADIANS. ALL THE LIBERALS AND THE FAKE NEWS BULLCRAP LIBERAL MEDIA ARE SETTING US UP FOR THE 1ST 2 VACCINE SHOTS OF THIS 2ND COVID OR MONKEY POX. I PREDICT THE FIRST 2 VACCINE SHOTS FOR MONKEY POX WILL BE JULY 1 AND AUG 1,2022. AS BILL GATES, TONY FAUCI, DADDYS LITTLE PRETTY BOY JUSTIN JUDAS TRUDEAU, BIDEN, AND ALL THE WORLD LEADERS. THEIR FOLLOWING THE SAME SCAM AS COVID-EXCEPT THEIR DOUBLEING THE LOCK DOWN TIME.

Wittgenstein @backtolife_2022-May 19
Jagmeet Singh says that Canadians want vaccine passports and mandatory vaccines.
Mrs. gc @ArtonFurniture-May 20
#jagmeetsingh the vast majority of #Canadians have been forced or face the consequences. Who are you kidding? @theJagmeetSingh
 What is the punishment?  OMG! being punishment for not get #vaccinated and what furture drugs will we ALL be forced to take.
#EndTheMandates-Quote Tweet-Ryan Gerritsen🇨🇦-@ryangerritsen- May 19
Jagmeet says there will be consequences for people not willing to get vaccinated. Oh really @theJagmeetSingh ? And what majority want to make their medical status public information? And for a failed product. We need to tell Trudeau’s puppet where to go.

Bill Gates Warns Of Epidemic That Could Kill Over 30 Million People-Bruce Y. LeeSenior Contributor-Feb 19, 2017,12:40am EST-This article is more than 5 years old.

Bill Gates, who last year was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in part for his extensive... [+] global health work, now has a warning that you should not ignore.Bill Gates is a smart guy who knows something about global health. So when he gives a grave warning about a potential catastrophe, it's a good idea to listen. Yesterday, at the Munich Security Conference in Germany, the man who tops the Forbes richest person in the world list and is co-chair of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation said:Whether it occurs by a quirk of nature or at the hand of a terrorist, epidemiologists say a fast-moving airborne pathogen could kill more than 30 million people in less than a year. And they say there is a reasonable probability the world will experience such an outbreak in the next 10 to 15 years.

Gates Germ-Game Warning Motivates Smallpox Vaccine Discussions-Fact checked by Robert Carlson, MD-November 8, 2021

Policy Exchange recently hosted Mr. Bill Gates, Co-Chair of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, and Rt Hon Jeremy Hunt MP, Chair of the Health Select Committee, who discussed the potential of future pandemics.  In a wide-ranging discussion on November 4, 2021, Gates called for a new international Pandemic Task Force, with a budget of about $1 billion per year. According to Microsoft's founder, governments must invest billions in research and development to prepare for future pandemics and smallpox terror strikes.This new effort would "germ game" potential pandemics and bioterrorist attacks such as smallpox attacks on airports. The Science Times reported germ games are ‘when government agencies practice scenarios of another pandemic catastrophe.’“You say, OK, what if a bioterrorist brought smallpox to 10 airports? You know, how would the world respond to that? “There are naturally-caused epidemics and bioterrorism-caused epidemics that could even be way worse than what we experienced today.”“And citizens expect their governments not to let that happen again,” Gates commented.Gates has previously issued similar warnings.In an April 2015 TED presentation, "The next outbreak? We're not ready," Gates warned of the hazards of a highly contagious virus and a major pandemic, stressing the importance of being prepared.Based on recent Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) vaccine advisory committee meetings, the U.S. is focused on the threat of smallpox.On November 3, 2021, following an introduction by Pablo Sanchez, M.D. Chair of the Orthopoxvirus workgroup, the CDC’s Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices reviewed the two presentations focused on the smallpox vaccine JYNNEOS. Produced by Bavarian Nordic, JYNNEOS was initially approved in 2019 by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and is indicated for preventing smallpox and monkeypox disease in adults 18 years of age and older determined to be at high risk for smallpox or monkeypox infection.

ACAM2000 Smallpox Vaccine Ingredients -ACAM2000, developed by Acambis, is a second-generation lyophilized preparation of purified virus (grown in Vero cell line) in HEPES (hydroxyethyl piperazine ethanesulfonic acid)-buffered saline, pH 7.4, containing 1% to 4% human serum albumin USP, 5% mannitol, and trace amounts of antibiotics (100 U/mL polymyxin B and 100 µg/mL neomycin) (John Becher, RPh, CDC, personal communication, 2006). It must be reconstituted before use by the addition of a diluent.

ACAM2000 Smallpox Vaccine-Authored by-Staff-Updated May 18, 2022

Emergent BioSolutions ACAM2000 is a live vaccinia virus, a replication-competent vaccine, to protect against smallpox disease. The ACAM2000® vaccine does not contain variola and cannot cause smallpox. However, It includes the vaccinia virus, which belongs to the poxvirus family, genus Orthopoxvirus.The Emergent BioSolutions Inc. replication-competent smallpox vaccine consists of a live, infectious vaccinia virus that can be transmitted from the vaccine recipient to unvaccinated persons who have close contact with the inoculation site or with exudate from the site. The vaccinia virus may cause rash, fever, and head and body aches. ACAM2000 is approved for active immunization against smallpox disease for persons at high risk for smallpox infection. ACAM2000 is licensed in the U.S. by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (STN: BL 125158), and it was developed under a contract with the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).Approved by the U.S. FDA on May 2, 2007, ACAM2000 Smallpox Vaccine is derived from plaque purification cloning from Dryvax®, calf lymph vaccine, and grown in African Green Monkey kidney (Vero) cells and tested to be free of adventitious agents. ACAM2000 replaced Dryvax for smallpox vaccinations in February 2008. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services awarded a contract to Emergent in September 2019 valued at approximately $2 billion over ten years for the continued supply of ACAM2000® into the U.S. Strategic National Stockpile.ACAM2000 and JYNNEOS (Imvamune or Imvanex) are the two current U.S. FDA licensed vaccines to prevent smallpox, and JYNNEOS is explicitly licensed to prevent monkeypox. Gaithersburg, Maryland-based Emergent BioSolutions (NYSE: EBS) is a global life sciences company whose mission is to protect and enhance life. Emergent BioSolutions acquired ACAM2000 from Sanofi Pasteur for about $125 million cash in 2017-ACAM2000 is indicated for active immunization against smallpox disease for persons at high risk for smallpox infection. Smallpox vaccines are no longer routine, although some soldiers and laboratory workers still are inoculated. The U.S. FDA published Questions about Smallpox and ACAM2000. Please read this Medication Guide before you receive vaccination with ACAM2000. This Guide does not take the place of talking to your healthcare provider about ACAM2000 and the smallpox disease.ACAM2000, developed by Acambis, is a second-generation lyophilized preparation of purified virus (grown in Vero cell line) in HEPES (hydroxyethyl piperazine ethanesulfonic acid)-buffered saline, pH 7.4, containing 1% to 4% human serum albumin USP, 5% mannitol, and trace amounts of antibiotics (100 U/mL polymyxin B and 100 µg/mL neomycin) (John Becher, RPh, CDC, personal communication, 2006). It must be reconstituted before use by the addition of a diluent.ACAM2000 is administered as a single dose by the percutaneous route using the multiple punctures technique. The risk of side effects in household contacts is the same as those for the vaccine recipient. Therefore, the vaccination.

Monkeypox outbreaks in Canada and worldwide signal shift in behaviour of virus-Canada's 'entire population is susceptible,' says top official-Adam Miller · CBC News · Posted: May 21, 2022 4:00 AM ET |

Health officials are investigating about two dozen suspected cases of monkeypox across Canada, looking into possible chains of transmission for the virus. Despite a global outbreak, doctors say most infections don’t appear to result in severe cases.This is an excerpt from Second Opinion, CBC Health's weekly health and medical science newsletter. If you haven't subscribed yet, you can do that by clicking here.As the world races to understand more about rapidly emerging monkeypox outbreaks, the speed in which cases are being discovered  signals a major shift in the behaviour of the virus and its ability to spread from person to person unnoticed.Five cases of monkeypox have been confirmed in Quebec and Canada's chief public health officer said Friday provinces are continuing to investigate "a couple dozen" possible cases throughout Canada — with more likely to be confirmed in the days and weeks ahead.The World Health Organization (WHO) said Friday there are currently about 80 confirmed cases worldwide, with another 50 pending investigation and more likely to be reported as global surveillance expands.West and Central Africa typically see thousands of endemic cases reported annually, but monkeypox cases outside of Africa are rare and largely tied to travel. What sets this global outbreak apart is the rise in cases with no known travel origin. "The global spread is concerning. That's not something that we are particularly used to with monkeypox," said Jason Kindrachuk, University of Manitoba assistant professor of viral pathogenesis and Canada Research Chair of emerging viruses who has researched monkeypox."What we're seeing right now is unprecedented. We have multiple geographic locations across the globe that are reporting cases … What is the epidemiological link between these cases and is there anything that is related back to changes within the virus?" There are two main strains or "clades" of monkeypox: the Congo strain — which is more severe, with up to 10 per cent mortality — and the West African strain, which has a fatality rate of about one per cent.Transmission can result from close contact with respiratory secretions or the skin lesions of an infected person or from recently contaminated objects. Symptoms can include fever, intense headache, swelling of the lymph nodes, back pain, muscle aches, a lack of energy, severe rashes and lesions.The current strain circulating globally appears to be the West African, but genomic sequencing is currently ongoing in Canada and around the world to determine whether it has any distinct genetic mutations. "There's always that question of, have things changed?" said Kindrachuk. "What you're going to hear certainly over the next few weeks is a lot of information coming forth from people that have been looking specifically at samples from these patients and determining whether or not anything is different — so far, we haven't seen severe cases or fatal cases." William Hanage, an epidemiologist at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and co-director of its Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, says the strain looks closely related to what has circulated in West Africa in 2018, but more research is needed."It's certainly behaving differently in the sense that it's much more widespread. Because up until very recently, there had been a handful of countries outside Africa to which it had been introduced," he told CBC News. "There's obviously something different going on here. Now, what's making that difference is currently unknown." Hanage said the current strain of monkeypox circulating in at least 11 countries, including Canada, appears to be more transmissible, with a reproductive number likely above one, given that the global outbreak is continuing to grow in unknown size.But cases may also have been quietly spreading under the surface for months.A negative stain electron micrograph shows a mulberry-type monkeypox virus particle. The speed in which monkeypox cases are being discovered worldwide signals a major shift in the behaviour of the virus and its ability to spread from person to person unnoticed. (CDC)-"As soon as places started looking for it, they found it, which suggests not that it's spreading very fast but that it's been there for some time in relatively large numbers," he said. "Once you start targeting your testing at those distinctive lesions, you start to find it."The genome sequence from one of the first monkeypox cases identified in Portugal was uploaded Friday after the sample was received on May 4, but Hanage said it's "very reasonable" to suspect the outbreak "considerably predates" that case. "We don't know the true number of cases, but I think that it's important to bear in mind that this could have been transmitting for months and not have been noticed," he said. "Human behaviour has also flitted back and forth between some fairly extreme states the last few years, and now we are in a position where this virus is likely finding it more easy to transmit." -'How is it being transmitted?' Canada's Chief Public Health Officer Dr. Theresa Tam said Friday that genomic sequencing is currently being done at the National Microbiology Lab in Winnipeg to confirm any more cases in the days and weeks ahead. "We don't really know the extent to which the spread has occurred in Canada. That's under active investigation," she said during a news conference Friday. "So far we do know that not many of these individuals are connected to travel to Africa where the disease is usually seen. So this is unusual … to see this many cases reported in different countries outside of Africa." Tam said at the beginning of any outbreak, experts need to "cast a net wide" to try to understand the transmission routes of the virus, adding much remains unknown about this "unusual situation.""There's probably been some hidden chains of transmission that could have occurred for quite a number of weeks, given the global situation that we're seeing right now," she said."Most people haven't travelled, so how is it being transmitted?"Hanage says the most important factor in determining if an outbreak like this is controllable, is whether symptoms occur before or after a person becomes infectious."If a person is infectious before they develop symptoms, it's very hard to control," he said, "with poxviruses, classically, that is not the case. So a person develops the rash and it is at that point that they become infectious.""At the moment, we don't know that that's the case with this. But we have every reason to suspect that it would be but we still need to have it confirmed."Change in spread between humans-Another unusual characteristic of the monkeypox cases currently spreading around the world is the absence of transmission directly from animals to humans. "There's been very little evidence of human-to-human transmission, certainly outside Africa, until now," Hanage said. "It looks very much as if this is a lineage which has evolved the ability for human-to-human transmission. How? I don't know. Where? I have no idea."Hanage says another concern is patients who unknowingly develop mild symptoms but could still be infectious and may not realize they are at risk to others.Angela Rasmussen, a virologist and researcher with the University of Saskatchewan's Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), says monkeypox usually spreads through close contact and inhalation — although not as readily as viruses like SARS-CoV-2.But it can also spread by direct and indirect contact, she says. "That means that there are a lot of opportunities potentially to spread it within situations where people are in prolonged close contact."Experts urge people not to panic over a handful of suspected cases of monkeypox under investigation in Quebec. It comes as infections appear to be spreading in several countries through close contact with others.'Every reason to be concerned' about containment-Rasmussen says there are numerous ways monkeypox outbreaks can be contained through classic epidemiological measures such as contact tracing, isolating people who were infected and quarantining those who may have been exposed. Failing that, "we do have a vaccine," she said. "We also have drugs that could be deployed that would certainly help in containment." Deputy Chief Public Health Officer Dr. Howard Njoo said Friday that, since Canada stopped smallpox vaccination campaigns in the early 1970s, those under 50 would not have any protection while older Canadians' immunity has likely waned."Generally, the entire population is susceptible," to monkeypox, Njoo said during a news conference. British health authorities took a bold step this week and moved to offer smallpox vaccines, which are somewhat effective against monkeypox, to some health-care workers and contacts who may have been exposed — using a so-called ring vaccination strategy. "There's every reason to be concerned about the capacity for containment, not least because of the fact that the weight of the containment is going to depend upon vaccines and very efficient use of them," said Hanage. "And the larger the problem becomes, the worse the position that we're starting from. So I think it's quite unlikely to be easily containable, but I wouldn't say that it is not necessarily containable. It's roll-up-your-sleeves and go-to-work time." Canada has been tight-lipped on its stockpile of smallpox vaccines, despite purchasing more than $30 million US worth of it last year that is expected to be delivered in 2023. Ottawa said Friday it was "exploring" ring vaccination with the World Health Organization and U.K. health officials."One thing which is very different from COVID, is that we have a vaccine. We don't necessarily have as much of it as we would like, but we have a vaccine. We don't need to be terrified about that particular future," said Hanage."It doesn't mean we've got it where it needs to be, but it does mean that we're starting from a completely different place."While Hanage says we're at a much better position compared to the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the emergence of global monkeypox outbreaks underscores the need to fund and stay on top of previous threats. "The research has been underfunded for ages. I don't think that public health authorities have been paying it very much mind," he said. "And this just goes to show that if you turn your back on a virus it can jump up and bite you on the ass."

Monkeypox is almost nothing like COVID. Here’s what to know, from two Philly scientists who’ve studied it.Monkeypox is not going to cause a global health crisis. But the recent outbreak in Europe has experts puzzled. by Tom Avril-Published May 19, 2022

Among the many differences — fortunately, for a world weary of the pandemic — is that monkeypox is far less transmissible.So although a monkeypox case was identified Wednesday in Massachusetts, along with two in Canada and a handful earlier this month in Europe, infectious-disease experts say it won’t mean another global health crisis.Yet monkeypox is a serious disease, well worth monitoring so it can be contained with the standard tools of public health. Chief among them, in this case, are vaccines (yes, there already is one) and isolating infected people.Monkeypox is not new. Several thousand cases are reported each year, almost entirely in Africa, though some of the newly reported cases in Europe have no known link to Africa.Alas, social media already is rife with monkeypox misinformation, perhaps unsurprisingly for a disease with a name that sounds like something out of a bad disaster movie.To cut through the clutter, we spoke to Brian DeHaven, an associate professor of biology at La Salle University, and Stuart Isaacs, under whom DeHaven did a Ph.D. on pox viruses at the University of Pennsylvania’s Perelman School of Medicine.What causes monkeypox? Like COVID, monkeypox is caused by a virus. But the two microbes are not remotely related.Coronaviruses contain single strands of genetic material called RNA. The monkeypox virus carries its genetic code in DNA, which is double-stranded.The monkeypox virus is much larger than the one that causes COVID, and it produces proteins that disrupt the defenses in the human immune system.“They look kind of like bricks,” DeHaven said. “They are not subtle.”How does monkeypox spread? Monkeypox is so named because it was discovered in colonies of monkeys used for research in 1958.But it is unlikely that monkeys were the original source, said Isaacs, a virologist and associate professor at Penn. The virus also is carried by rodents.People can spread it to one another through contact with bodily fluids, lesions on the skin, or mucosal surfaces such as in the mouth or throat, the World Health Organization says. In the United Kingdom, health authorities say cases have predominantly occurred in men who have sex with men.Sex is not generally considered to be a route of transmission but is theoretically possible, Isaacs said.The monkeypox virus also can be spread by coughing, but generally through large droplets that fall to the ground within a few feet — not the lighter “aerosol” particles that remain aloft for minutes.As a result, it spreads much less readily between people than COVID. Each person with COVID tends to pass it on to multiple people, on average (provided they have no immunity), but some people with monkeypox do not pass it on to anyone, DeHaven said.“You get these flareups,” he said, “but then it burns out.”Still, said Isaacs, the disease may now be spreading more easily in Europe, and it is not clear why.“There seems to be some more human-to-human transmission than we might expect,” he said.What are the symptoms of monkeypox? Typically, monkeypox starts with flulike symptoms such as fever, intense headache, and swelling of the lymph nodes.After one to three days, a rash develops on the face and body, first appearing as flat lesions, progressing to pustules filled with yellowish fluid.Symptoms can last two to four weeks. Monkeypox can be deadly, but the death rate varies widely from strain to strain, from near zero to as high as 11%, according to the WHO.Is there a monkeypox vaccine? Yes. It’s the same as the one used to inoculate people against smallpox. It works because the two viruses are closely related, DeHaven said.Roughly speaking, the two viruses are about as similar to each other as two strains of the coronavirus that causes COVID.The smallpox vaccine was routinely administered in the United States until 1972, when that disease was eradicated in this country. As a result, most people under age 50 have no immunity to monkeypox or smallpox.But unlike with the vaccines for COVID, the smallpox vaccine is effective even after the start of an infection, if given promptly.Because human-to-human spread is limited, it is unlikely that public health officials would recommend widespread vaccination, Isaacs said. A more likely approach is “ring” vaccination — vaccinating the ring of close contacts around anyone who is infected.That’s why the CDC urges people with possible symptoms to contact their doctors.“People who may have symptoms of monkeypox, particularly men who report sex with other men, and those who have close contact with them, should be aware of any unusual rashes or lesions and contact their health-care provider for a risk assessment,” the agency says.Jimmy Whitworth, a professor of international public health at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, told Reuters that while the recent outbreaks in Europe are “highly unusual,” there is no need for panic.“This isn’t going to cause a nationwide epidemic like COVID did, but it’s a serious outbreak of a serious disease – and we should take it seriously,” he said.How is chickenpox related to monkeypox?DistantlyLike monkeypox, the virus that causes chickenpox contains double-stranded DNA.But they’re on a different branch of the virus family tree. Despite the name, chickenpox is not a pox virus, but a herpes virus.In addition to monkeypox, the true pox viruses include smallpox and cowpox. Published May 19, 2022.

Monkeypox-Information for healthcare providers about monkeypox.Last updated: May 19, 2022 Monkeypox is a viral infection, caused by a virus of the Orthopoxvirus genus related to smallpox. Monkeypox is mostly present in Central and West African countries, but can be imported through travel. Clinical presentation resembles smallpox but is less severe. Since May 2022, United Kingdom, USA and European countries have seen rising cases of monkeypox. Although at least one UK case was related with travel to an African country, many cases didn’t report travel. Among these cases, a high proportion occurred in gay, bisexual and men who have sex with men. Monkeypox is not sexually transmitted but can be transmitted through direct contact. In Canada, some people are under investigation for exposure to monkeypox or who may have symptoms and signs of monkeypox. In BC, public health will follow up with individuals who may have been exposed to monkeypox.-Clinical presentation.Incubation: 5 to 21 days, usually 7 to 14 days.-Monkeypox infection has two clinical phases:A prodromal illness that lasts between 1 to 5 days followed by fever, intense headache, lymphadenophathy, back pain, myalgia, fatigue.A skin rash that begins 1-5 days after fever: rash evolves from maculopapular to vesicular lesions, pustules until crusting that scales off. Affected regions are: face (95 %), palms of soles and feet (75 %), oral mucous membranes (70 %), genitalia (30%), conjunctivae (20%) and cornea. Rash often begin on the face or genital area and spreads to other parts of the body. Number of lesions can vary from a few to thousands.Symptoms last 2 to 4 weeks.Children are at higher risk of severe disease. Potential complications include secondary infections, pneumonia, sepsis, encephalitis, keratitis with vision loss.Mortality differs according to the viral strain. Cases in UK were from the West African clade, which has a mortality of approximately 1%. Transmission-Period of communicability:  during the symptomatic period, including the prodrome. Lesions are considered infectious until the scabs fall off and new skin can be seen.

Global leaders unite in urgent call for international pandemic treaty-30 March 2021 News release-Geneva, Switzerland

25 heads of government and international agencies come together in extraordinary joint call- New treaty would signal high-level political action needed to protect the world from future health crisesThe international community should work together “towards a new international treaty for pandemic preparedness and response” to build a more robust global health architecture that will protect future generations, world leaders said in a commentary published today in several newspapers around the world.“There will be other pandemics and other major health emergencies. No single government or multilateral agency can address this threat alone,” the leaders say in their article. “The question is not if, but when. Together, we must be better prepared to predict, prevent, detect, assess and effectively respond to pandemics in a highly coordinated fashion. The COVID-19 pandemic has been a stark and painful reminder that nobody is safe until everyone is safe.”The main goal of a new international treaty for pandemic preparedness and response would be to foster a comprehensive, multi-sectoral approach to strengthen national, regional and global capacities and resilience to future pandemics. This is an opportunity for the world to come together as a global community for peaceful cooperation that extends beyond this crisis.According to the article, the treaty “would be rooted in the constitution of the World Health Organization, drawing in other relevant organizations key to this endeavour, in support of the principle of health for all. Existing global health instruments, especially the International Health Regulations, would underpin such a treaty, ensuring a firm and tested foundation on which we can build and improve.”The commentary has been signed by J. V. Bainimarama, Prime Minister of Fiji; Prayut Chan-o-cha, Prime Minister of Thailand; António Luís Santos da Costa, Prime Minister of Portugal; Mario Draghi, Prime Minister of Italy; Klaus  Iohannis, President of Romania; Boris Johnson, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom; Paul Kagame, President of Rwanda; Uhuru Kenyatta, President of Kenya; Emmanuel Macron, President of France; Angela Merkel, Chancellor of Germany; Charles Michel, President of the European Council; Kyriakos Mitsotakis, Prime Minister of Greece; Moon Jae-in, President of the Republic of Korea; Sebastián Piñera, President of Chile; Andrej Plenković, Prime Minister of Croatia; Carlos Alvarado Quesada, President of Costa Rica; Edi Rama, Prime Minister of Albania; Cyril Ramaphosa, President of South Africa; Keith Rowley, Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago; Mark Rutte, Prime Minister of the Netherlands; Kais Saied, President of Tunisia; Macky Sall, President of Senegal; Pedro Sánchez, Prime Minister of Spain; Erna Solberg, Prime Miniser of Norway; Aleksandar Vučić, President of Serbia; Joko Widodo, President of Indonesia; Volodymyr Zelensky, President of Ukraine Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Director-General of the World Health Organization.

HERE ALREADY IS THE LIBERAL FAKE NEWS TRYING TO SAY THIS WORLD GOVERNMENT TREATY IS NOT CONTROLLED BY THE WHO. TRYING TO SAY ITS A CONSPIRACY THEORY.

No, ‘pandemic treaty’ would not give WHO control over governments during a global health crisis-Proposed amendments to international health regulations covered by the World Health Organization does not grant the WHO any new powers over countries.Author: Kelly Jones, Brandon Lewis-Updated: 1:02 PM PDT May 20, 2022

On May 22, the World Health Assembly will take place in Geneva, where World Health Organization member states will meet to discuss current and future priorities for public health issues of global importance. On the agenda is a U.S.-proposed change to international health rules. These rules set the standards for all countries to have the ability to detect, assess, report and respond to public health events.The proposed amendments outline new ideas to better respond to a pandemic. Across social media, users are referring to the amendments as the “pandemic treaty” and say it would grant the WHO “complete health sovereignty,” and unlimited authority over governments in a global health crisis. If the WHO pandemic treaty is signed, your vote will never ever count again. #StopTheTreaty — Southeerner (@whatgives1313) May 17, 2022-On a podcast hosted by Steve Bannon, former Minnesota Representative Michele Bachmann also claimed the amendments could give the WHO sovereignty over the United States.Several VERIFY viewers asked us to look into what powers the WHO would have should the amendments pass.THE QUESTION-Would the “pandemic treaty” provide the WHO control over governments during a global health crisis? (YES) (NO BY THE LIBERAL FAKE PROPAGANDA LIBERAL NEWS MEDIA)

Sophie Grégoire Trudeau among 26 more Canadians banned from travel to Russia-Chrystia Freeland's husband, defence contractors also on expanded sanctions list-Thomson Reuters · Posted: May 21, 2022 11:16 AM ET

Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and Sophie Grégoire Trudeau arrive for the cabinet swearing-in ceremony at Rideau Hall in Ottawa on Oct. 26, 2021. On Saturday, Grégoire Trudeau was added to a list of Canadians banned from entering Russia. (Adrian Wyld/The Canadian Press)-Russia said on Saturday it had added 26 new names to a list of Canadians it has barred from travelling to the country, including defence chiefs, defence industry executives and Sophie Grégoire Trudeau, the wife of Prime Minister Justin Trudeau.In response to economic sanctions, Russia has already banned Trudeau, Finance Minister Chrystia Freeland and hundreds of other Canadians from entering the country.The new Canadian list was published four days after Canada introduced a bill that will ban Russian President Vladimir Putin and about 1,000 members of his government and military from travelling there.The list also includes Lt.-Gen. Jocelyn Paul, Maj.-Gen. Eric Kenny and Rear Admiral Angus Topshee, who were named last month as the new heads of the Canadian army, air force and navy, respectively, and executives of companies including Lockheed Martin Canada and Raytheon Canada.Russia also said it had so far banned 963 Americans from entering the country — including previously announced moves against President Joe Biden and other top officials — and would continue to retaliate against what it called hostile U.S. actions.The largely symbolic travel bans form part of a downward spiral in Russia's relations with the West since its Feb. 24 invasion of Ukraine, which prompted Washington and its allies to impose drastic sanctions on Moscow and step up arms supplies to Ukraine.Publishing the full list of banned Americans for the first time, the Russian government said: "We emphasize that the hostile actions taken by Washington, which boomerang against the United States itself, will continue to receive a proper rebuff."It said Russian counter-sanctions were a necessary response aimed at "forcing the ruling American regime, which is trying to impose a neo-colonial 'rules-based world order' on the rest of the world, to change its behaviour, recognizing new geopolitical realities."Previously announced names on the huge list included Secretary of State Antony Blinken, Defence Secretary Lloyd Austin and CIA chief William Burns.

Friday, May 20, 2022

MONKEY POX THE NEXT SCAM COVID OF 2022-THE FIRST 2 SHOTS ARE FREE ON JOHNSON & JOHNSON-JUST LIKE COVID-STARTED WITH 2 SHOTS RIGHT OFF-THE MONEY MAKING DRUG DEALER OF COVID 2 MONKEY POX.THERE DOING THE SAME THEY DONE WITH COVID-2 SHOTS WILL SAVE YOU 6 MILLION FROM DYING FROM MONKEY POX THIS TIME.

JEWISH KING JESUS IS COMING AT THE RAPTURE FOR US IN THE CLOUDS-DON'T MISS IT FOR THE WORLD.THE BIBLE TAKEN LITERALLY- WHEN THE PLAIN SENSE MAKES GOOD SENSE-SEEK NO OTHER SENSE-LEST YOU END UP IN NONSENSE.GET SAVED NOW- CALL ON JESUS TODAY.THE ONLY SAVIOR OF THE WHOLE EARTH - NO OTHER. 1 COR 15:23-JESUS THE FIRST FRUITS-CHRISTIANS RAPTURED TO JESUS-FIRST FRUITS OF THE SPIRIT-23 But every man in his own order: Christ the firstfruits; afterward they that are Christ’s at his coming.ROMANS 8:23 And not only they, but ourselves also, which have the firstfruits of the Spirit, even we ourselves groan within ourselves, waiting for the adoption, to wit, the redemption of our body.(THE PRE-TRIB RAPTURE) 

MORE MONKEY POX.

MONKEY POX THE NEXT SCAM COVID OF 2022-THE FIRST 2 SHOTS ARE FREE ON JOHNSON & JOHNSON-JUST LIKE COVID-STARTED WITH 2 SHOTS RIGHT OFF-THE MONEY MAKING DRUG DEALER OF COVID 2 MONKEY POX.THERE DOING THE SAME THEY DONE WITH COVID-2 SHOTS WILL SAVE YOU 6 MILLION FROM DYING FROM MONKEY POX THIS TIME.

Monkeypox-19 May 2022-RIGHT FROM THE WHO SITE-THEY JUST PUT THIS UP YESTERDAY.

Monkeypox is caused by monkeypox virus, a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus in the family Poxviridae.Monkeypox is a viral zoonotic disease that occurs primarily in tropical rainforest areas of Central and West Africa and is occasionally exported to other regions.Monkeypox typically presents clinically with fever, rash and swollen lymph nodes and may lead to a range of medical complications.Monkeypox is usually a self-limited disease with the symptoms lasting from 2 to 4 weeks. Severe cases can occur. In recent times, the case fatality ratio has been around 3-6%. Monkeypox is transmitted to humans through close contact with an infected person or animal, or with material contaminated with the virus.Monkeypox virus is transmitted from one person to another by close contact with lesions, body fluids, respiratory droplets and contaminated materials such as bedding.The clinical presentation of monkeypox resembles that of smallpox, a related orthopoxvirus infection which was declared eradicated worldwide in 1980. Monkeypox is less contagious than smallpox and causes less severe illness.Vaccines used during the smallpox eradication programme also provided protection against monkeypox. Newer vaccines have been developed of which one has been approved for prevention of monkeypox An antiviral agent developed for the treatment of smallpox has also been licensed for the treatment of monkeypox.Introduction-Monkeypox is a viral zoonosis (a virus transmitted to humans from animals) with symptoms very similar to those seen in the past in smallpox patients, although it is clinically less severe. With the eradication of smallpox in 1980 and subsequent cessation of smallpox vaccination, monkeypox has emerged as the most important orthopoxvirus for public health. Monkeypox primarily occurs in Central and West Africa, often in proximity to tropical rainforests and has been increasingly appearing in urban areas. Animal hosts include a range of rodents and non-human primates.The pathogen-Monkeypox virus is an enveloped double-stranded DNA virus that belongs to the Orthopoxvirus genus of the Poxviridae family. There are two distinct genetic clades of the monkeypox virus – the Central African (Congo Basin) clade and the West African clade. The Congo Basin clade has historically caused more severe disease and was thought to be more transmissible. The geographical division between the two clades has so far been in Cameroon - the only country where both virus clades have been found.Natural host of monkeypox virusVarious animal species have been identified as susceptible to monkeypox virus.. This includes rope squirrels, tree squirrels, Gambian pouched rats, dormice, non-human primates and other species. Uncertainty remains on the natural history of monkeypox virus and further studies are needed to identify the exact reservoir(s) and how virus circulation is maintained in nature.Outbreaks-Human monkeypox was first identified in humans in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in a 9-year-old boy in a region where smallpox had been eliminated in 1968. Since then, most cases have been reported from rural, rainforest regions of the Congo Basin, particularly in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and human cases have increasingly been reported from across Central and West Africa.Since 1970, human cases of monkeypox have been reported in 11 African countries – Benin, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Cote d’Ivoire, Liberia, Nigeria, the Republic of the Congo, Sierra Leone, and South Sudan. The true burden of monkeypox is not known. For example, in 1996–97, an outbreak was reported in the Democratic Republic of the Congo with a lower case fatality ratio and a higher attack rate than usual. A concurrent outbreak of chickenpox (caused by the varicella virus, which is not an orthoopoxvirus) and monkeypox was found which could explain real or apparent changes in transmission dynamics in this case. Since 2017, Nigeria has experienced a large outbreak, with over 500 suspected cases and over 200 confirmed cases and a case fatality ratio of approximately 3%. Cases continue to be reported until today.Monkeypox is a disease of global public health importance as it not only affects countries in West and Central Africa, but the rest of the world. In 2003, the first monkeypox outbreak outside of Africa was in the United States of America and was linked to contact with infected pet prairie dogs. These pets had been housed with Gambian pouched rats and dormice that had been imported into the country from Ghana. This outbreak led to over 70 cases of monkeypox in the U.S. Monkeypox has also been reported in travelers from Nigeria to Israel in September 2018, to the United Kingdom in September 2018, December 2019, May 2021 and May 2022, to Singapore in May 2019, and to the United States of America in July and November 2021. In May 2022, multiple cases of monkeypox were identified in several non-endemic countries. Studies are currently underway to further understand the epidemiology, sources of infection, and transmission patterns.Transmission-Animal-to-human (zoonotic) transmission can occur from direct contact with the blood, bodily fluids, or cutaneous or mucosal lesions of infected animals. In Africa, evidence of monkeypox virus infection has been found in many animals including rope squirrels, tree squirrels, Gambian poached rats, dormice, different species of monkeys and others. The natural reservoir of monkeypox has not yet been identified, though rodents are the most likely. Eating inadequately cooked meat and other animal products of infected animals is a possible risk factor. People living in or near forested areas may have indirect or low-level exposure to infected animals.Human-to-human transmission can result from close contact with respiratory secretions, skin lesions of an infected person or recently contaminated objects. Transmission via droplet respiratory particles usually requires prolonged face-to-face contact, which puts health workers, household members and other close contacts of active cases at greater risk. However, the longest documented chain of transmission in a community has risen in recent years from six to nine successive person-to-person infections. This may reflect declining immunity in all communities due to cessation of smallpox vaccination. Transmission can also occur via the placenta from mother to fetus (which can lead to congenital monkeypox) or during close contact during and after birth. While close physical contact is a well-known risk factor for transmission, it is unclear at this time if monkeypox can be transmitted specifically through sexual transmission routes. Studies are needed to better understand this risk.Signs and symptoms-The incubation period (interval from infection to onset of symptoms) of monkeypox is usually from 6 to 13 days but can range from 5 to 21 days.The infection can be divided into two periods:the invasion period (lasts between 0-5 days) characterized by fever, intense headache, lymphadenopathy (swelling of the lymph nodes), back pain, myalgia (muscle aches) and intense asthenia (lack of energy). Lymphadenopathy is a distinctive feature of monkeypox compared to other diseases that may initially appear similar (chickenpox, measles, smallpox) the skin eruption usually begins within 1-3 days of appearance of fever. The rash tends to be more concentrated on the face and extremities rather than on the trunk. It affects the face (in 95% of cases), and palms of the hands and soles of the feet (in 75% of cases). Also affected are oral mucous membranes (in 70% of cases), genitalia (30%), and conjunctivae (20%), as well as the cornea. The rash evolves sequentially from macules (lesions with a flat base) to papules (slightly raised firm lesions), vesicles (lesions filled with clear fluid), pustules (lesions filled with yellowish fluid), and crusts which dry up and fall off. The number of lesions varies from a few to several thousand. In severe cases, lesions can coalesce until large sections of skin slough off. Monkeypox is usually a self-limited disease with the symptoms lasting from 2 to 4 weeks. Severe cases occur more commonly among children and are related to the extent of virus exposure, patient health status and nature of complications. Underlying immune deficiencies may lead to worse outcomes. Although vaccination against smallpox was protective in the past, today persons younger than 40 to 50 years of age (depending on the country) may be more susceptible to monkeypox due to cessation of smallpox vaccination campaigns globally after eradication of the disease.  Complications of monkeypox can include secondary infections, bronchopneumonia, sepsis, encephalitis, and infection of the cornea with ensuing loss of vision. The extent to which asymptomatic infection may occur is unknown.The case fatality ratio of monkeypox has historically ranged from 0 to 11 % in the general population and has been higher among young children. In recent times, the case fatality ratio has been around 3-6%.Diagnosis-The clinical differential diagnosis that must be considered includes other rash illnesses, such as chickenpox, measles, bacterial skin infections, scabies, syphilis, and medication-associated allergies. Lymphadenopathy during the prodromal stage of illness can be a clinical feature to distinguish monkeypox from chickenpox or smallpox.If monkeypox is suspected, health workers should collect an appropriate sample and have it transported safely to a laboratory with appropriate capability. Confirmation of monkeypox depends on the type and quality of the specimen and the type of laboratory test. Thus, specimens should be packaged and shipped in accordance with national and international requirements. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the preferred laboratory test given its accuracy and sensitivity. For this, optimal diagnostic samples for monkeypox are from skin lesions – the roof or fluid from vesicles and pustules, and dry crusts. Where feasible, biopsy is an option. Lesion samples must be stored in a dry, sterile tube (no viral transport media) and kept cold. PCR blood tests are usually inconclusive because of the short duration of viremia relative to the timing of specimen collection after symptoms begin and should not be routinely collected from patients.As orthopoxviruses are serologically cross-reactive, antigen and antibody detection methods do not provide monkeypox-specific confirmation. Serology and antigen detection methods are therefore not recommended for diagnosis or case investigation where resources are limited. Additionally, recent or remote vaccination with a vaccinia-based vaccine (e.g. anyone vaccinated before smallpox eradication, or more recently vaccinated due to higher risk such as orthopoxvirus laboratory personnel) might lead to false positive results.In order to interpret test results, it is critical that patient information be provided with the specimens including: a) date of onset of fever, b) date of onset of rash, c) date of specimen collection, d) current status of the individual (stage of rash), and e) age.Therapeutics-Clinical care for monkeypox should be fully optimized to alleviate symptoms, manage complications and prevent long-term sequelae. Patients should be offered fluids and food to maintain adequate nutritional status. Secondary bacterial infections should be treated as indicated.  An antiviral agent known as tecovirimat that was developed for smallpox was licensed by the European Medical Association (EMA) for monkeypox in 2022 based on data in animal and human studies. It is not yet widely available.If used for patient care, tecovirimat should ideally be monitored in a clinical research context with prospective data collection.

Vaccination-Vaccination against smallpox was demonstrated through several observational studies to be about 85% effective in preventing monkeypox. Thus, prior smallpox vaccination may result in milder illness. Evidence of prior vaccination against smallpox can usually be found as a scar on the upper arm. At the present time, the original (first-generation) smallpox vaccines are no longer available to the general public. Some laboratory personnel or health workers may have received a more recent smallpox vaccine to protect them in the event of exposure to orthopoxviruses in the workplace. A still newer vaccine based on a modified attenuated vaccinia virus (Ankara strain) was approved for the prevention of monkeypox in 2019. This is a two-dose vaccine for which availability remains limited. Smallpox and monkeypox vaccines are developed in formulations based on the vaccinia virus due to cross-protection afforded for the immune response to orthopoxviruses.Prevention-Raising awareness of risk factors and educating people about the measures they can take to reduce exposure to the virus is the main prevention strategy for monkeypox. Scientific studies are now underway to assess the feasibility and appropriateness of vaccination for the prevention and control of monkeypox. Some countries have, or are developing, policies to offer vaccine to persons who may be at risk such as laboratory personnel, rapid response teams and health workers.Reducing the risk of human-to-human transmission-Surveillance and rapid identification of new cases is critical for outbreak containment. During human monkeypox outbreaks, close contact with infected persons is the most significant risk factor for monkeypox virus infection. Health workers and household members are at a greater risk of infection. Health workers caring for patients with suspected or confirmed monkeypox virus infection, or handling specimens from them, should implement standard infection control precautions. If possible, persons previously vaccinated against smallpox should be selected to care for the patient.Samples taken from people and animals with suspected monkeypox virus infection should be handled by trained staff working in suitably equipped laboratories. Patient specimens must be safely prepared for transport with triple packaging in accordance with WHO guidance for transport of infectious substances.The identification in May 2022 of clusters of monkeypox cases in several non-endemic countries with no direct travel links to an endemic area is atypical. Further investigations  are underway to determine the likely source of infection and limit further onward spread. As the source of this outbreak is being investigated, it is important to look at all possible modes of transmission in order to safeguard public health. Further information on this outbreak can be found here-Reducing the risk of zoonotic transmission-Over time, most human infections have resulted from a primary, animal-to-human transmission. Unprotected contact with wild animals, especially those that are sick or dead, including their meat, blood and other parts must be avoided. Additionally, all foods containing animal meat or parts must be thoroughly cooked before eating.Preventing monkeypox through restrictions on animal trade-Some countries have put in place regulations restricting importation of rodents and non-human primates. Captive animals that are potentially infected with monkeypox should be isolated from other animals and placed into immediate quarantine. Any animals that might have come into contact with an infected animal should be quarantined, handled with standard precautions and observed for monkeypox symptoms for 30 days.How monkeypox relates to smallpox-The clinical presentation of monkeypox resembles that of smallpox, a related orthopoxvirus infection which has been eradicated. Smallpox was more easily transmitted and more often fatal as about 30% of patients died. The last case of naturally acquired smallpox occurred in 1977, and in 1980 smallpox was declared to have been eradicated worldwide after a global campaign of vaccination and containment. It has been 40 or more years since all countries ceased routine smallpox vaccination with vaccinia-based vaccines. As vaccination also protected against monkeypox in West and Central Africa, unvaccinated populations are now also more susceptible to monkeypox virus infection.Whereas smallpox no longer occurs naturally, the global health sector remains vigilant in the event it could reappear through natural mechanisms, laboratory accident or deliberate release. To ensure global preparedness in the event of reemergence of smallpox, newer vaccines, diagnostics and antiviral agents are being developed. These may also now prove useful for prevention and control of monkeypox.

LIBERAL FAKE NEWS BBC IN ENGLAND-NEXT TO CNN FAKE NEWS EXPERTS AND THE CBC.THE CANADIAN FAKE LIBERAL NEWS NETWORK.Child hepatitis cases falsely linked to Covid vaccine-By Rachel Schraer-Health and disinformation reporter-Published- 30 April,22

Social media posts have falsely linked a recent spike in unexplained hepatitis in children to the Covid vaccine.The affected children were mostly under the age of five and therefore not eligible for the jab, health agencies monitoring the situation say.But this hasn't stopped the claims - and other theories around lockdown or sending children back to school - being promoted as fact.So what are the established facts of the cases so far? As of 21 April 2022, the World Health Organization had recorded at least 169 cases of unexplained hepatitis - inflammation of the liver - in children in 11 countries since January. Of these, 114 were in the UK.None of the five specific viruses (labelled A - E) which usually cause hepatitis was found, but the majority of youngsters tested did show up positive for a particular adenovirus - a common family of infections responsible for illnesses from colds to eye infections.The specific one they had causes stomach bugs.Rise in childhood hepatitis - what we know so far-Dr Meera Chand, director of clinical and emerging infections at the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), said their investigations "increasingly" suggested the rise was linked to adenovirus infection."However, we are thoroughly investigating other potential causes," she said.-Vaccine 'definitively' ruled outThe UKHSA says the Covid vaccine is the one thing they can definitively rule out - because none of the children affected had received the jab.Nevertheless, on Twitter, Reddit, Facebook and Telegram, the BBC has found false claims that these hepatitis cases were caused by the Covid vaccine.Facebook post labelled FALSE reading: "if this doesn't wake more parents up...NOTHING WILL! Say NO to the vaccine, this HAS to stop!"One post on Reddit highlighted the fact that an adenovirus is used in the AstraZeneca and Johnson & Johnson Covid vaccines.The adenoviruses used in the vaccines are harmless transporters which have been modified so they cannot replicate or cause infection.Not only are they completely different adenoviruses to the ones found in the affected children, but these vaccines are largely being restricted to use in people aged 40 and over in the UK.The average age of the children developing hepatitis is three - an age group not eligible for any of the Covid vaccines in the UK, where most of the cases have been recorded.An article from a website known to contain false and misleading information about Covid, claiming the Pfizer vaccine was to blame, was shared on Facebook in English, Spanish, Italian, Chinese and Norwegian.It quoted a much-misinterpreted study which has also been used to make misleading claims about the vaccines and fertility.-Is Covid to blame? (YES-THE DEADLY KILLERS SHOTS ARE RESONSIBLE FOR THE DEATHS OF KIDS WITH HEPATITIS)(MY WORDS NOT THE FAKE NEWS BBC'S WORDS).Some have claimed high levels of Covid and sending children back to school unmasked is to blame.Twitter post labelled UNPROVEN reading: "Neither unusual no unexpected when you rip the masks off of kids and send them into unsafe classrooms just so you can get them out of the house"Unlike the vaccine theory, which is firmly discredited, the idea that a Covid infection could play a role in these cases is still being investigated as a possibility.Small studies have found unusual cases of hepatitis in a handful of young children who had previously tested positive for Covid in Israel, Brazil, India and the US.This does not yet conclusively prove Covid played a role though.Prof Anil Dhawan, a liver specialist at King's College Hospital London, who is treating some of these children, says at the moment he does not think Covid is driving these cases."Because if you look at number of patients, only 16% tested positive for Covid, and this [hepatitis] is not the feature of Covid," he said.Hepatitis is a very rare known reaction to adenoviruses, he added.Is it lockdown? One line of inquiry is that children who haven't been exposed to as many infections in the early years of life because of the pandemic could be having outsized reactions to the adenovirus.This has been seized on by some as proof lockdown was to blame for the outbreak.But this is still a big unknown.Dr Conor Meehan, a senior lecture in microbiology at Nottingham Trent University, agrees it is possible that not being exposed to as many bugs in their first months and years could have left these children's immune systems more vulnerable."The exposure that you have to viruses is important for building your immune system, and it mostly happens in the first five years of life," Dr Meehan explains."Most of these cases we see in under five-year-old kids, so they definitely haven't had the exposure that other kids would have had that are older," he says.This makes its possible they could have a stronger reaction to an adenovirus infection.But, "we would expect that stronger reaction to still just be worse versions of what we would normally see", in other words severe vomiting and diarrhoea, but not hepatitis.This extremely unusual reaction suggests there is something else going on, Dr Meehan thinks, like a mutated virus or an interaction between two viruses.However, more investigations are needed before we can say for sure what's causing these still very rare cases. 

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