Showing posts with label HIV. Show all posts
Showing posts with label HIV. Show all posts

Monday, January 22, 2024

DISEASE X IS PART HIV, PART XMRV AND PART SARS.

JEWISH KING JESUS IS COMING AT THE RAPTURE FOR US IN THE CLOUDS-DON'T MISS IT FOR THE WORLD.THE BIBLE TAKEN LITERALLY- WHEN THE PLAIN SENSE MAKES GOOD SENSE-SEEK NO OTHER SENSE-LEST YOU END UP IN NONSENSE.GET SAVED NOW- CALL ON JESUS TODAY.THE ONLY SAVIOR OF THE WHOLE EARTH - NO OTHER. 1 COR 15:23-JESUS THE FIRST FRUITS-CHRISTIANS RAPTURED TO JESUS-FIRST FRUITS OF THE SPIRIT-23 But every man in his own order: Christ the firstfruits; afterward they that are Christ’s at his coming.ROMANS 8:23 And not only they, but ourselves also, which have the firstfruits of the Spirit, even we ourselves groan within ourselves, waiting for the adoption, to wit, the redemption of our body.(THE PRE-TRIB RAPTURE)

 DISEASE X IS PART HIV, PART XMRV AND PART SARS. COVID AND EVERY OTHER LAB MADE DISEASE IS MADE OF THESE.COMING ON US.

TETROS SAYS IN MAY 2024. THE WORLD MUST HAVE THE DISEASE X SOLUTION.


JUDY MIKOVITS DISEASE X
https://www.bitchute.com/video/ZYe3EepGdbPW/

IN 2010 FAUCCI AND MASS MURDER CREWS STARTED COMING AGAINST DR JUDY.

Detection of an Infectious Retrovirus, XMRV, in Blood Cells of Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome-Vincent C. Lombardi, Francis W. Ruscetti, Jaydip Das Gupta, Max A. Pfost, Kathryn S. Hagen, Daniel L. Peterson, Sandra K. Ruscetti, Rachel K. Bagni, Cari Petrow-Sadowski, [...] , and Judy A. Mikovits +3 authors Authors Info & Affiliations-Science-8 Oct 2009-Vol 326, Issue 5952-pp. 585-589-DOI: 10.1126/science.1179052729407-

Viral Link to Chronic Fatigue-Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a complex and debilitating disorder that is often linked to immune system dysfunction but whose cause(s) remain mysterious. Lombardi et al. (p. 585, published online 8 October; see the Perspective by Coffin and Stoye) now present a tantalizing new lead. In blood samples from 101 patients with well-documented CFS, over two-thirds (68) contained DNA from a recently described human gammaretrovirus, xenotropic murine leukemia virus–related virus (XMRV), which possesses sequence similarity to a murine leukemia virus. Cell culture assays confirmed that XMRV derived from CFS patient plasma and from T and B lymphocytes was infectious. Although the correlation with CFS is striking, whether the virus plays a causal role in the disorder remains to be determined. Interestingly, nearly 4% of the 218 healthy donors tested were positive for XMRV, which suggests that this virus—whose pathogenic potential is unknown—may be present in a significant proportion of the general population.Abstract-Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a debilitating disease of unknown etiology that is estimated to affect 17 million people worldwide. Studying peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from CFS patients, we identified DNA from a human gammaretrovirus, xenotropic murine leukemia virus–related virus (XMRV), in 68 of 101 patients (67%) as compared to 8 of 218 (3.7%) healthy controls. Cell culture experiments revealed that patient-derived XMRV is infectious and that both cell-associated and cell-free transmission of the virus are possible. Secondary viral infections were established in uninfected primary lymphocytes and indicator cell lines after their exposure to activated PBMCs, B cells, T cells, or plasma derived from CFS patients. These findings raise the possibility that XMRV may be a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of CFS.

Response to Comments on “Detection of an Infectious Retrovirus, XMRV, in Blood Cells of Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome”Judy A. Mikovits and Francis W. RuscettiAuthors Info & Affiliations-Science-14 May 2010-Vol 328, Issue 5980-p. 825-DOI: 10.1126/science.1184548-168

Abstract
We reported the detection of the human gammaretrovirus XMRV in 67% of 101 patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and in 3.7% of 218 healthy controls, but we did not claim that XMRV causes CFS. Here, we explain why the criticisms of Sudlow et al., Lloyd et al., and van der Meer et al. regarding the selection of patients and controls in our study are unwarranted.Our study (1) documented the presence of a recently discovered human retrovirus, XMRV, in a high proportion of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) in comparison with healthy controls. Sudlow et al. (2), Lloyd et al. (3), and van der Meer et al. (4) raise concerns about the cases and controls described in our study and thus the validity of our results. First, we wish to emphasize that our study was not intended to be a detailed clinical description of CFS or an epidemiological study that would relate particular symptoms, demographics, duration, pattern of onset, and the like to the presence or viral load of XMRV. The study was not, nor was it designed to be, a case-control study as Sudlow et al. (2) imply, for it was the first demonstration of the replication and production of infectious XMRV in human blood cells. The fact that a number of the patients tested were from regions of CFS outbreaks does not invalidate the clinical diagnosis. We hope that our report will stimulate the performance of many case-control studies that use appropriate virus detection. We certainly recognize that such studies will be required to determine what role XMRV plays in the pathogenesis of CFS.Samples included in our study (1) were from CFS patients who fulfilled both the Fukuda criteria and the Canadian Consensus Criteria (CCC), regardless of severity. We regret that a sentence in the original supporting online material in (1) implied that immunological abnormalities were part of the CFS diagnosis; indeed, while many such patients do exhibit such abnormalities (5, 6), they were not required for diagnosis. All patients that met Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and CCC criteria were accepted; none were excluded. Patient samples were obtained from 2006 to 2009 and stored in the Whittemore Peterson Institute (WPI) repository. We did not state in Lisbon (7) or elsewhere that the samples analyzed in (1) were only from patients from documented outbreaks of CFS, nor did we state that the 101 patients described in (1) exhibited all the immunological abnormalities described in our Lisbon conference presentation. In fact, only 25 samples in (1) came from patients identified during the 1984 to 1988 CFS outbreak in Incline Village, Nevada. The remaining 76 samples included patients with sporadic cases from 12 U.S. states and Canada, including California, New York, North Carolina, Wisconsin, Michigan, Oregon, New Mexico, New Jersey, North Dakota, Texas, and Florida. Patients in the study were 67% female, reflecting the reported gender incidence of CFS, with an age distribution of 19 to 75 years of age (mean of 55). The healthy control population, which was similar in age and gender to the patients, was composed of healthy people who visited doctors’ offices in the western United States between 2006 and 2008. The great majority, although not all, of the patients analyzed were matched in geographic location with controls. As this was not an epidemiological case-control study, we did not attempt to discern where the patients believed they contracted CFS; at the time of sample collection, some were undoubtedly living in an area different from the location where they first became ill.The information we provide here and in the accompanying Supporting Online Material (8) should lay to rest any concerns about “bias” or “confounding.” Again, the primary aim of the work described in (1) was not to characterize this clinical condition or to prove a cause for CFS but to demonstrate the existence of an infectious gammaretrovirus in patients who had been diagnosed with CFS. We achieved our goal using four different experimental strategies. The original description of HTLV-1 and HIV-1 involved only one or two patients (9–12), whereas we detected XMRV in 75 individuals.We did not state that our study (1) proves the cause of CFS. A large number of infectious and noninfectious agents have been implicated in CFS, and it is that fact that makes the puzzle of CFS all the more difficult to solve. At no time have we wished to raise false hopes among a group of patients who, in general, have not been treated well by the medical research community. We are aware that many different pathogens have previously been reported to be associated with CFS but have not been proven to be causal.We further note that no cytokine profiles were presented in (1), nor did we state that abnormal cytokine levels, altered natural killer cell activity, or particular RNase L profiles were a requirement for inclusion in the study. Unpublished comments made during a medical conference (7) exploring hypothetical connections with immune system defects, viral reactivation, and malignancies should not be used to judge the merits of the science in the published paper. Regarding the concern raised by Sudlow et al. (2) about potential “expectation bias,” we point out that the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the Cleveland Clinic, whose scientists independently performed experiments and coauthored (1), were certainly not “established” as laboratories for the purpose of studying CFS. All samples were blinded, as mandated by the NCI and WPI institutional review board approvals. All experimental procedures were done by the same personnel, in the same physical laboratory space, under identical protocols. Investigators at NCI received 100 samples from individuals without knowing their health status; furthermore, the samples were sent to NCI directly without passing through the WPI laboratory space. Laboratory workers at the NCI and the WPI who performed the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunological studies used coded, blinded samples that did not reveal the CFS status of the individuals. The WPI has examined all 218 control and 101 patient samples by both PCR and serological methods for the presence of XMRV nucleic acid and antibodies. In addition, NCI used plasma from all 100 samples they received in infection experiments with LNCaP cells. It was not feasible to examine all 101 patient and 218 control samples with all four XMRV detection methods described in (1), due to time and resource constraints.Of the technologies used to identify and isolate XMRV in patients with CFS, PCR from DNA or cDNA from unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells is the least sensitive method. We contend that the three recently published negative PCR studies (13–15) do not qualify as being studies that fail to replicate our study, as neither the same PCR methodologies were used nor did these studies draw on the additional cell culture and immunological methods that we employed to observe XMRV nucleic acids and proteins. Although we offer to send samples in which we have detected XMRV, the groups that published these results neither requested nor analyzed any samples we had found positive for XMRV in our laboratories.Sudlow et al. erroneously state that we did not consider alternative explanations for the findings, namely that patients with poor general health may be more susceptible to viral and other infections. On the contrary, we raised as a question for future study: “Is XMRV infection a causal factor in the pathogenesis of CFS or a passenger virus in the immunosuppressed CFS patient population?” (1). We recognize that the presence of XMRV could be due to enhanced susceptibility to retroviral infection after development of CFS. A causal role of XMRV in CFS is an intriguing possibility, given the known immunosuppressive, neurotropic, and serious consequences of infection with other known retroviruses.16-Patent applications were submitted for XMRV detection methods in CFS by the WPI, a not-for-profit 501c3. J.A.M. has signed over any personal rights she may have on royalties from these patents to the WPI.

Researcher who linked chronic fatigue syndrome to mouse virus is arrested
BMJ 2011; 343 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d7573 (Published 22 November 2011) Cite this as: BMJ 2011;343:d7573

Judy Mikovits, the researcher who led the team that linked a mouse virus with chronic fatigue syndrome, has been arrested at her home in Ventura, California.The arrest follows a lawsuit filed against her by her former employer, the Whittemore-Peterson Institute for Neuro-Immune Disease in Reno, Nevada, which alleges that after she had been fired by the institute in September she had removed laboratory notebooks and other information that the institute claims it owns (BMJ 2011;343:d6541, 11 Oct, doi:10.1136/bmj.d6541).Through her lawyer, Lois Hart, Dr Mikovits has denied the charges. “All of the allegations of theft, misappropriation, withholding of data and various intellectual property, and items, are incorrect and untruthful,” Ms Hart wrote in a letter to …

/ www.sciencexpress.org / 8 October 2009 / Page 1/ 10.1126/science.1181349
A retrovirus associated with cancer is linked to chronic fatigue syndrome. There is little consensus in the medical community on whether chronic fatigue syndrome is a distinct disease. As its name implies, the condition is characterized by debilitating fatigue persisting for many years, and it affects as much as 1% of the world’s population. Although chronic inflammation is often found in these patients, no infectious or toxic agent has been clearly implicated in this disease, which is diagnosed largely by excluding other conditions that cause similar symptoms (1). In this week’s Science Express, Lombardi et al. (2) describe the detection of xenotropic murine leukemia virus–related virus (XMRV) in about two-thirds of patients diagnosed with chronic fatigue syndrome. Both laboratory and epidemiological studies are now needed to determine whether this virus has a causative role, not only in this disease, but perhaps in others as well. Chronic fatigue syndrome is not the first human disease to which XMRV has been linked. The virus first was described about 3 years ago in a few prostate cancer patients (3), and recently detected in nearly a quarter of all prostate cancer biopsies (4). It has been isolated from both prostate cancer and chronic fatigue syndrome patients, and is similar to a group of endogenous murine leukemia viruses (MLVs) found in the genomes of inbred and related wild mice. Although a half century of studies on MLVs and other gammaretroviruses have led to important discoveries on which much of our current understanding of cancer rests, there has been no clear evidence demonstrating human infection with gammaretroviruses, or associating these agents with any human disease. Endogenous viruses, such as xenotropic MLV, arise when retroviruses infect germline cells. The integrated viral DNA, or provirus, is passed on to offspring as part of the host genome (see the figure). Endogenous proviruses form a large part of the genetic complement of modern mammals—about 8% of the human genome, for example. Xenotropic proviruses first entered the mouse germ line about a million years ago, but cannot infect cells of the mice that carry them because of a mutation in the cellular receptor for the virus presumed to have arisen after viral entry into the germ line. The propensity of xenotropic MLVs to infect rapidly dividing human cells has made it a common contaminant in cultured cells, particularly in certain human tumor cell lines (5). There is more than 90% DNA sequence identity between XMRV and xenotropic MLV, and their biological properties are virtually indistinguishable (6–9), leaving little doubt that the former is derived from the latter by one or more cross-species transmission events. There are several lines of evidence that transmission happened in the outside world and was not a laboratory contaminant. One is that XMRVs from disparate locations and from both chronic fatigue syndrome and prostate cancer patients are nearly identical: The viral genomes differ by only a few nucleotides, whereas there are hundreds of sequence differences between XMRVs and xenotropic murine leukemia proviruses of laboratory mice. Other evidence includes the presence of XMRV and high amounts of antibodies to XMRV and other MLVs in chronic fatigue syndrome and prostate cancer patients. There is still much that we do not understand. Whether the virus plays a causative role in either chronic fatigue syndrome or prostate cancer is unknown. For example, XMRV infection might, coincidentally, be more frequent in the same geographical region as a cluster of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. And individuals with either disease might be more readily infected due to immune activation. XMRV might prefer to grow in rapidly dividing prostate cancer cells (10), and the presence of rapidly dividing cells in either condition might make infection more readily detectable. We do not know how the virus is transmitted, and the suggestion, based on indirect evidence, that there is sexual transmission (8) is premature. Given that infectious virus is present in plasma and in blood cells, blood-borne transmission is a possibility. Furthermore, we do not know the prevalence or distribution of this virus in either human or animal populations, and animal models for infection and pathogenesis are badly needed. Two characteristics of XMRV are particularly noteworthy. One is the near genetic identity of isolates from different diseases and from individuals in different parts of the United States. The two most distantly related genomes sequenced to date differ by fewer than 30 out of about 8000 nucleotides. Thus, all of the XMRV isolates are more similar to each other than are the genomes isolated from any one individual infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. In this respect, XMRV more closely resembles human T cell lymphotropic viruses (HTLVs) isolated from the same geographic region (11). As in the case with HTLV, the lack of diversity implies that XMRV recently descended from a A New Virus for Old Diseases? John M. Coffin1 and Jonathan P. Stoye21 Department of Molecular Microbiology, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA. E-mail: john.coffin@tufts.edu 2 National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK./ www.sciencexpress.org / 8 October 2009 / Page 2/ 10.1126/science.1181349-common ancestor, and that the number of replication cycles within one infected individual is limited. Another notable feature of XMRV is that the frequency of infection in nondiseased controls is remarkably high—about 4% in both normal individuals from the same geographic region as infected patients with chronic fatigue syndrome, and in nonmalignant prostates. If these figures are borne out in larger studies, it would mean that perhaps 10 million people in the United Sates and hundreds of millions worldwide are infected with a virus whose pathogenic potential for humans is still unknown. However, it is clear that closely related viruses cause a variety of major diseases, including cancer, in many other mammals. Further study may reveal XMRV as a cause of more than one well-known “old”disease, with potentially important implications for diagnosis, prevention, and therapy. References-1. L. D. Devanur, J. R. Kerr, J. Clin. Virol. 37, 139 (2006). 2. V. C. Lombardi et al., Science 8 October 2009-(10.1126/science.1179052). 3. A. Urisman et al., PLoS Pathog. 2, e25 (2006). 4 R. Schlaberg, D. J. Choe, K. R. Brown, H. M. Thaker, I. R.Singh, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106, 16351 (2009) 5. R. A. Weiss, in RNA Tumor Viruses, R. A. Weiss, N. Teich, H. E. Varmus, J. M. Coffin, Eds. (Cold Spring Harbor laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 1982). 6. B. Dong et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104, 1655 (2007). 7. B. Dong, R. H. Silverman, E. S. Kandel, PLoS One 3,
e3144 (2008). 8. S. Hong et al., J. Virol. 83, 6995 (2009). 9. S. Kim et al., J. Virol. 82, 9964 (2008). 10. E. C. Knouf et al., J. Virol. 83, 7353 (2009). 11. S. Van Dooren et al., Mol. Biol. Evol. 21, 603 (2004). Published online 8 October 2009; 10.1126/science.1181349
Include this information when citing this paper. Path to human infection. Although xenotropic murine leukemia virus (MLV)—derived from exogenous MLVs that became established as proviruses in the mouse germ line—can no longer infect mice, it can infect humans, apparently leading to one or more cross-species infection events to become XMRV.

Infectious Diseases Dominate WHO's List of 2019 Health Threats-January 23, 2019-Michaela Fleming

WHO has compiled a list of the top 10 threats to global health in 2019 and 6 of them are infectious disease-related.While the world is facing many public health threats, the World Health Organization (WHO) has compiled a list of the top 10 threats to global health to focus on in 2019.The list contains a number of serious issues from climate change to inadequate health care facilities. Unsurprisingly, more than half of the list is made up of infectious disease challenges, both emerging and historic.

Here is a recap, in no particular order:
1. Global Influenza Pandemic-As flu season settles in across the world, many clinicians and patients are questioning just how severe the strains will be this season.The WHO acknowledges that another flu pandemic is unavoidable, but the severity and time frame are unknown.The WHO continues to recommend receiving the influenza vaccine each season and continues to monitor antiviral treatment throughout the world.In August of 2018, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices indicated that vaccination options for the current flu season include the intranasally-administered live attenuated influenza vaccine and recombinant influenza vaccine as quadrivalent vaccines, and inactivated influenza vaccines as both a high-dose IIV trivalent and adjuvanted IIV trivalent.In the latest Contagion® flu update featuring mid-season estimates from the CDC, it was reported that there have been approximately 7 million influenza infections in the US thus far, resulting in an estimated 84,000 hospitalizations.Further, of the 4460 respiratory specimens that tested positive for influenza in public health and clinical laboratories around the country, 97.1% were identified as influenza A and 2.5% were influenza B. Influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 is currently the most predominant subtype.

2. Antimicrobial Resistance-Unlike the looming influenza pandemic, antibiotic resistance is happening, and it’s happening now.As the WHO points out, resistance to rifampicin, the most effective first-line antibiotic for tuberculosis, occurred in approximately 600,000 cases in 2017. Of those cases, approximately 82% were resistant to multiple treatment options.The WHO also points out the need to address the overuse of antibiotics in animals and has indicated a project to confront this issue by implementing a global action plan focused on awareness of prudent use of antimicrobials.The WHO is not the only entity addressing resistance. In September of 2018, the US Food and Drug Administration announced a comprehensive plan to combat antimicrobial resistance in the United States.This 3-tiered strategy includes creating more incentives for antibiotics that tackle resistant pathogens by “develop[ing] innovative payment mechanisms that allow companies to capture a greater upfront share of the social value of antibiotic drug development.”The remainder of the plan focuses on enhanced stewardship initiatives in veterinary medicine, and an expansion of the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System, which is designed to track drug resistance in Salmonella, Escherichia coli, and other harmful foodborne bacteria.

3. Ebola and high-threat pathogens, including disease X-Ebola is back in the mainstream news as the North Kivu outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, approaches its 6th month. As of January 20, 2019, the WHO reported 640 confirmed cases and 373 confirmed deaths.In the current outbreak, the threat of insecurity and violence has impacted the epidemiologic response, with CDC health workers being removed from the outbreak zone to prevent any exposure concerns. Additionally, WHO health workers have been attacked by rebel groups, leading to temporary evacuations in November, which has resulted in disruptions in vaccination and contact tracing.The hard-to-contain outbreak is a threat for global health, as the highly transmissible pathogen can spread more easily to other continents through air travel. Earlier this year an American was monitored for symptoms of Ebola following potential exposure in the outbreak zone. He has since been released by Nebraska Medical, after determining he was not infected.It raised the concern though: Are American facilities prepared to accept Ebola patients? In a 2017 survey, described in a new report by the Office of the Inspector General, 14% of hospital administrators felt their facilities were unprepared for a patient with Ebola or an emerging infectious disease. Conversely, 71% of hospital administrators reported that their facilities were unprepared to receive an Ebola patient in 2014.The WHO also notes that preparation for disease X, an unknown pathogen that could cause a severe epidemic, should also be a focus.A simulation designed to pinpoint the challenges in preparedness and current policies that need to be addressed in order to prevent a severe pandemic indicates that the United States is far from ready for a widespread pandemic with a novel pathogen. The Clade X simulation was conducted by the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security in May 2018 as an exercise focused on high-level strategies, decisions, and policies that are needed to prevent a pandemic from spiraling out of control.

4. Vaccine hesitancy-Vaccine hesitancy is something that made Contagion®’s own list of infectious disease concerns to follow in 2019. The growing hesitancy to vaccinate children is a threat that could lead to the re-emergence of infectious diseases that were previously eliminated in the United States.Measles is notably making a comeback in the United States, despite the fact that the disease was considered eliminated by the CDC in 2000.State health officials are currently monitoring measles outbreaks in New York, New Jersey, and Washington State.“[Say] an American child who has not been [vaccinated] goes on a trip abroad and acquires measles,” William Schaffner, MD, infectious disease specialist at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, and the former president of the National Foundation for Infectious Diseases, told Contagion® in a previous interview. “They bring it back and then you have an outbreak of measles, a disease that was totally eliminated.”Additionally, the European Centers for Disease Control are monitoring measles outbreaks in more than 30 European countries.

5. Dengue-Dengue, a mosquito-borne viral infection, is a leading cause of illness and death in the tropics and subtropics, affecting up to 400 million people annually, according to the CDC.More than 12,000 cases of dengue infection occurred in Puerto Rico in 2010, prior to the equally devastating Zika virus outbreak that affected the country.Furthermore, dengue was the second most commonly transmitted mosquito-borne disease in the continental United States according to data reported to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System between 2004 and 2016.The WHO notes that a high number of cases occur in the rainy seasons of countries such as Bangladesh and India. And as the season lengthens, dengue-related death rates are rising.In response, the WHO has issued a Dengue control strategy, which aims to reduce dengue-related deaths by 50% by 2020.

6. HIV-Many advancements have been made in the field of HIV since the virus was first recognized. Some of these achievements include the introduction of antiretroviral therapy, which when taken daily can suppress HIV to levels that are undetectable while preventing sexual transmission of the virus.Additional advancements include a range of options to prevent the acquisition of HIV, including pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), which can reduce the risk of acquiring HIV by up to 95% when taken daily, or emergency post-exposure prophylaxis, which can prevent infection if taken 3 days after exposure for a 28-day period.Although the WHO is encouraging the integration of HIV treatment with other health services, the organization is also providing a reminder to all that being aware of your individual HIV status is critical. According to the WHO, 1 in 4 individuals living with HIV are unaware of their status.To address the gaps, the WHO has partnered with international organizations to support a self-testing initiative in several African countries, which not only provides testing but also links individuals with treatment and prevention services, which was announced in observance of World AIDS Day 2018 in December.With 6 of the 10 threats on the WHO’s list having to do with infectious disease, one thing is for sure—2019 will be another big year for fighting infectious diseases and Contagion® will bring you each milestone along the way.

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