Friday, July 25, 2025

EUROPE NEEDS TO BOOST MILITARY CAPABILITIES.

JEWISH KING JESUS IS COMING AT THE RAPTURE FOR US IN THE CLOUDS-DON'T MISS IT FOR THE WORLD.THE BIBLE TAKEN LITERALLY- WHEN THE PLAIN SENSE MAKES GOOD SENSE-SEEK NO OTHER SENSE-LEST YOU END UP IN NONSENSE.GET SAVED NOW- CALL ON JESUS TODAY.THE ONLY SAVIOR OF THE WHOLE EARTH - NO OTHER. 1 COR 15:23-JESUS THE FIRST FRUITS-CHRISTIANS RAPTURED TO JESUS-FIRST FRUITS OF THE SPIRIT-23 But every man in his own order: Christ the firstfruits; afterward they that are Christ’s at his coming.ROMANS 8:23 And not only they, but ourselves also, which have the firstfruits of the Spirit, even we ourselves groan within ourselves, waiting for the adoption, to wit, the redemption of our body.(THE PRE-TRIB RAPTURE)

EUROPE NEEDS TO BOOST MILITARY CAPABILITIES.

DEUTORONOMY 18:10-12
10 There shall not be found among you any one that maketh his son or his daughter to pass through the fire,(OCCULT SACRIFICES) or that useth divination,(NEW AGER AND CRYSTALS ETC) divination n. The art or act of foretelling future events or revealing occult knowledge by means of augury or an alleged supernatural agency.) or an observer of times,(Meaning of observer. ... for sketching it. horoscope - Comes from Greek hora, hour, time, and skopos, observer.) or an enchanter,(The word enchant is derived from the Latin word incantare which refers to uttering an incantation or casting a spell). or a witch,(WITCH. Definition: [noun] a female sorcerer (SORCERY IN THE BIBLE IS DRUGS OR OCCULT ACTIVITY) or magician.)
11 Or a charmer,(charmer means a dealer in spells, especially one who, by binding certain knots, was supposed thereby to bind a curse or a blessing on its object.) or a consulter with familiar spirits,(function as mediums or psychics) or a wizard,(MALE WITCH)-influence; a magical spell WITH WANDS) or a necromancer.(one seeking unto the dead.)
12 For all that do these things are an abomination unto the LORD: and because of these abominations the LORD thy God doth drive them out from before thee.

REVELATION 9:20-21
20 And the rest of the men which were not killed by these plagues (NUKES) yet repented not of the works of their hands, that they should not worship devils,(OCCULT) and idols of gold, and silver, and brass, and stone, and of wood: which neither can see, nor hear, nor walk:
21 Neither repented they of their murders, nor of their sorceries,(DRUG ADDICTIONS OR SELLING DRUGS) nor of their fornication,(SEX OUTSIDE OF MARRIAGE)(PROSTITUTION FOR MONEY) nor of their thefts.(STEALING)

ISAIAH 30:26-27
26 Moreover the light of the moon shall be as the light of the sun, and the light of the sun shall be sevenfold,(7X OR 7-DEGREES HOTTER) as the light of seven days, in the day that the LORD bindeth up the breach of his people,(ISRAEL) and healeth the stroke of their wound.
27 Behold, the name of the LORD cometh from far, burning with his anger, and the burden thereof is heavy: his lips are full of indignation, and his tongue as a devouring fire:

MATTHEW 24:21-22,29
21 For then shall be great tribulation, such as was not since the beginning of the world to this time, no, nor ever shall be.
22 And except those days should be shortened,(DAY LIGHT HOURS SHORTENED) there should no flesh be saved: but for the elect’s sake (ISRAELS SAKE) those days shall be shortened (Daylight hours shortened)(THE ASTEROID HITS EARTH HERE)
29 Immediately after the tribulation of those days shall the sun be darkened, and the moon shall not give her light, and the stars shall fall from heaven, and the powers of the heavens shall be shaken:

REVELATION 16:7-9
7 And I heard another out of the altar say, Even so, Lord God Almighty, true and righteous are thy judgments.
8 And the fourth angel poured out his vial upon the sun; and power was given unto him to scorch men with fire.
9 And men were scorched with great heat, and blasphemed the name of God, which hath power over these plagues: and they repented not to give him glory.

EZEKIEL 32:6-9
6  I will also water with thy blood the land wherein thou swimmest, even to the mountains; and the rivers shall be full of thee.
7  And when I shall put thee out, I will cover the heaven, and make the stars thereof dark; I will cover the sun with a cloud, and the moon shall not give her light.
8  All the bright lights of heaven will I make dark over thee, and set darkness upon thy land, saith the Lord GOD.
9  I will also vex the hearts of many people, when I shall bring thy destruction among the nations, into the countries which thou hast not known.

REVELATION 16:3-7
3 And the second angel poured out his vial upon the sea; and it became as the blood of a dead man: and every living soul died in the sea.(enviromentalists won't like this result)
4 And the third angel poured out his vial upon the rivers and fountains of waters; and they became blood.
5 And I heard the angel of the waters say, Thou art righteous, O Lord, which art, and wast, and shalt be, because thou hast judged thus.
6 For they(False World Church and Dictator and baby murderers by abortion) have shed the blood of saints and prophets, and thou hast given them blood to drink; for they are worthy.

GEN 12:2-3
2  And I will make of thee a great nation, and I will bless thee, and make thy name great; and thou shalt be a blessing:
3  And I will bless them that bless thee,(ISRAELIS) and curse (DESTROY) him that curseth thee:(DESTROY THEM) and in thee shall all families of the earth be blessed.

Extreme weather misinformation 'putting lives at risk,' study warns.

Washington, July 22 (AFP) Jul 22, 2025-Major social media platforms are enabling and profiting from misinformation around extreme weather events, endangering lives and impeding emergency response efforts, a research group said Tuesday.The report from the Center for Countering Digital Hate (CCDH) -- which analyzed 100 viral posts on each of three leading platforms during recent natural disasters including deadly Texas floods -- highlights how their algorithms amplify conspiracy theorists while sidelining life-saving information."The influence of high-profile conspiracy theorists during climate disasters is drowning out emergency response efforts," the report said, adding that the trend was "putting lives at risk."Nearly all of the analyzed posts on Meta-owned Facebook and Instagram lacked fact-checks or Community Notes, a crowd-sourced verification system increasingly being adopted as an alternative to professional fact-checkers, the report said.Elon Musk-owned X lacked fact-checks or Community Notes on 99 percent of the posts, while Google-owned YouTube "failed entirely," with zero fact-checks or Community Notes, CCDH said.The report noted that well-known conspiracy theorist Alex Jones's false claims during the LA wildfires amassed more views on X throughout January than the combined reach of major emergency response agencies and news outlets, including the Los Angeles Times."The rapid spread of climate conspiracies online isn't accidental. It's baked into a business model that profits from outrage and division," said Imran Ahmed, CCDH's chief executive.During the wildfires, online scammers placed social media advertisements impersonating federal emergency aid agencies to steal victims' personal information, Ahmed said, citing local officials."When distraught people can't distinguish real help from online deception, platforms become complicit in the suffering of innocent people," he said.The tech platforms did not immediately respond to requests for comment.- 'Dangerous' falsehoods -Following natural disasters, misinformation tends to surge across social media -- fueled by accounts from across the political spectrum -- as many platforms scale back content moderation and reduce reliance on human fact-checkers, often accused by conservative advocates of a liberal bias.During Hurricane Milton, which struck Florida last year, social media was flooded with baseless claims that the storm had been engineered by politicians using weather manipulation.Similarly, the LA wildfires were falsely blamed on so-called "government lasers," a conspiracy theory amplified by viral posts.Augustus Doricko, chief executive of cloud seeding company Rainmaker, said he received death threats online after conspiracy theorists blamed him for the devastating floods in Texas."I can confirm that we have received multiple threats since the flooding event," Doricko told AFP, highlighting the real-life consequences of such falsehoods.The CCDH study found that the worst offenders spreading extreme weather misinformation were verified users with large followings, many of whom were attempting to monetize their posts.Eighty eight percent of misleading extreme weather posts on X came from verified accounts, CCDH said. On YouTube, 73 percent of such posts originated from verified users, while on Meta, the figure was 64 percent."Climate disinformation costs lives," said Sam Bright of DeSmog, which reports on climate misinformation campaigns."As extreme weather events become more and more frequent, these falsehoods will only get more dangerous."

RUSSIA,GERMANY, ARAB MUSLIMS COME AGAINST ISRAEL.

EZEKIEL 38:1-23
1 And the word of the LORD came unto me, saying,
2 Son of man, set thy face against Gog,(RULER) the land of Magog,(RUSSIA) the chief prince of Meshech (MOSCOW) and Tubal,(TOBOLSK) and prophesy against him,
3 And say, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I am against thee, O Gog,(LEADER OF RUSSIA) the chief prince of Meshech(MOSCOW) and Tubal:TOBOLSK)
4 And I (GOD) will turn thee back, and put hooks into thy jaws,(GOD FORCES THE RUSSIA-MUSLIMS TO MARCH) and I will bring thee forth, and all thine army, horses and horsemen, all of them clothed with all sorts of armour, even a great company with bucklers and shields, all of them handling swords:
5 Persia,(IRAN,IRAQ) Ethiopia, and Libya with them; all of them with shield and helmet:
6 Gomer,(GERMANY) and all his bands; the house of Togarmah (TURKEY) of the north quarters, and all his bands: and many people with thee.(AFRICAN MUSLIMS,SUDAN,TUNESIA ETC)
7 Be thou prepared, and prepare for thyself, thou, and all thy company that are assembled unto thee, and be thou a guard unto them.
8 After many days thou shalt be visited: in the latter years thou shalt come into the land that is brought back from the sword, and is gathered out of many people, against the mountains of Israel, which have been always waste: but it is brought forth out of the nations, and they shall dwell safely all of them.
9 Thou shalt ascend and come like a storm, thou shalt be like a cloud to cover the land, thou, and all thy bands, and many people with thee.(RUSSIA-EGYPT AND MUSLIMS)
10 Thus saith the Lord GOD; It shall also come to pass, that at the same time shall things come into thy mind, and thou shalt think an evil thought:
11 And thou shalt say,(RUSSIA-ARAB-MUSLIMS) I will go up to the land of unwalled villages;(ISRAEL) I will go to them that are at rest, that dwell safely, all of them dwelling without walls, and having neither bars nor gates,
12 To take a spoil,(OIL IS IN SPOIL) and to take a prey; to turn thine hand upon the desolate places that are now inhabited, and upon the people that are gathered out of the nations, which have gotten cattle and goods, that dwell in the midst of the land.
13  Sheba, and Dedan,(SAUDI-ARABIA) and the merchants of Tarshish,(SPAIN) with all the young lions thereof,(ENGLAND,AND ALL ITS ASSOCIATES-CANADA,AUSTRALIA-NEW ZEALAND, USA, AND WESTERN ENGLISH SPEAKING NATIONS) shall say unto thee, Art thou come to take a spoil? hast thou gathered thy company to take a prey? to carry away silver and gold, to take away cattle and goods, to take a great spoil?(OIL IS IN SPOIL-I BELIEVE THATS WHY RUSSIA,ARAB/MUSLIMS MARCH TO ISRAEL)
14  Therefore, son of man, prophesy and say unto Gog, Thus saith the Lord GOD; In that day when my people of Israel dwelleth safely, shalt thou not know it?
15  And thou shalt come from thy place out of the north parts, thou, and many people with thee, all of them riding upon horses, a great company, and a mighty army:
16  And thou shalt come up against my people of Israel, as a cloud to cover the land; it shall be in the latter days, and I will bring thee against my land, that the heathen may know me, when I shall be sanctified in thee, O Gog, before their eyes.
17  Thus saith the Lord GOD; Art thou he of whom I have spoken in old time by my servants the prophets of Israel, which prophesied in those days many years that I would bring thee against them?
18  And it shall come to pass at the same time when Gog shall come against the land of Israel, saith the Lord GOD, that my fury shall come up in my face.
19  For in my jealousy and in the fire (atomic bomb) of my wrath have I spoken, Surely in that day there shall be a great shaking in the land of Israel;
20  So that the fishes of the    sea, and the fowls of the heaven, and the beasts of the field, and all creeping things that creep upon the earth, and all the men that are upon the face of the earth, shall shake at my presence, and the mountains shall be thrown down, and the steep places shall fall, and every wall shall fall to the ground.
21  And I will call for a sword against him throughout all my mountains, saith the Lord GOD: every man’s sword shall be against his brother.
22  And I will plead against him with pestilence (biological,chemical,nuclear) and with blood; and I will rain upon him, and upon his bands, and upon the many people that are with him, an overflowing rain, and great hailstones, fire, and brimstone.(NUKED,THEN MIGRATING BIRDS EAT RUSSIA/ARAB/MUSLIMS FLESH)
23  Thus will I magnify myself, and sanctify myself; and I will be known in the eyes of many nations, and they shall know that I am the LORD.

EZEKIEL 39:1-29
1 Therefore, thou son of man, prophesy against Gog,(LEADER OF RUSSIA) and say, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I am against thee, O Gog, the chief prince of Meshech (MOSCOW) and Tubal: (TUBOLSK)
2 And I will turn thee back,(RUSSIA-ARAB MUSLIM ISRAEL HATERS) and leave but the sixth part of thee,(5/6TH OR 300 MILLION DEAD RUSSIAN/ARAB/MUSLIMS I BELIEVE) and will cause thee to come up from the north parts,(RUSSIA) and will bring thee upon the mountains of Israel:
3 And I will smite thy bow out of thy left hand, and will cause thine arrows to fall out of thy right hand.
4 Thou shalt fall upon the mountains of Israel, thou, and all thy bands,( ARABS) and the people that is with thee: I will give thee unto the ravenous birds of every sort, and to the beasts of the field to be devoured.
5 Thou shalt fall upon the open field: for I have spoken it, saith the Lord GOD.
6 And I will send a shall come to pass in that day, that I will give unto Gog (RUSSIA/ARAB/MUSLIMS) a place there of graves in Israel, the valley of the passengers (EAST OF THE DEAD SEA IN JORDAN VALLEY) on the east of the sea: and it shall stop the noses of the passengers: and there shall they bury Gog (RUSSIAN) and all his multitude:(ARAB/MUSLIM HORDE) and they shall call it The valley of Hamongog.(BURIEL SITE OF THE 300 MILLION,RUSSIAN/ARAB/MUSLIMS)
12 And seven months shall the house of Israel be burying of them, that they may cleanse the land.(OF ISRAEL)
13 Yea, all the people of the land (OF ISRAEL) shall bury them; and it shall be to them a renown the day that I (GOD-JESUS) shall be glorified, saith the Lord GOD.
14 And they shall sever out men of continual employment,(NUCLEAR ATOMIC BOMB EXPERTS) passing through the land to bury with the passengers those that remain upon the face of the earth, to cleanse it: after the end of seven months shall they search.
15 And the passengers that pass through the land, when any seeth a man’s bone, then shall he set up a sign by it,(WON'T TOUCH IT) till the buriers have buried it (PROPERLY) in the valley of Hamongog.(RUSSIA/ARAB/MUSLIMS NEW BURIEL SITE)(EAST OF THE DEAD SEA IN THE JORDAN VALLEY)
16 And also the name of the city shall be Hamonah. Thus shall they cleanse the land.(OF THE ISRAEL-GOD HATERS)
17 And, thou son of man, thus saith the Lord GOD; Speak unto every feathered fowl,(500 MILLION MIGRATING BIRDS THREW ISRAEL EVERY SPRING,FALL) and to every beast of the field, Assemble yourselves, and come; gather yourselves on every side to my sacrifice that I do sacrifice for you, even a great sacrifice upon the mountains of Israel, that ye may eat flesh, and drink blood.(OF THE RUSSIAN/ARAB/MUSLIM ARMIES)
18 Ye shall eat the flesh of the mighty, and drink the blood of the princes of the earth, of rams, of lambs, and of goats, of bullocks, all of them fatlings of Bashan.
19 And ye (MIGRATING BIRDS IN ISRAEL) shall eat fat till ye be full, and drink blood till ye be drunken, of my sacrifice which I have sacrificed for you.(RUSSIAN/ARAB/MUSLIM ISRAEL HATERS)
20 Thus ye shall be filled at my table with horses and chariots, with mighty men, and with all men of war, saith the Lord GOD.
21 And I (GOD-JESUS) will set my glory among the heathen,(WORLD NATIONS) and all the heathen (WORLD NATIONS) shall see my judgment that I have executed,(AGAINST ISRAELS ENEMIES) and my (GODS) hand that I have laid upon them.(ISRAELS HATER ENEMIES)
22  So the house of Israel shall know that I am the LORD their God from that day and forward.
23  And the heathen shall know that the house of Israel went into captivity for their iniquity: because they trespassed against me, therefore hid I my face from them, and gave them into the hand of their enemies: so fell they all by the sword.
24  According to their uncleanness and according to their transgressions have I done unto them, and hid my face from them.
25  Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; Now will I bring again the captivity of Jacob, and have mercy upon the whole house of Israel, and will be jealous for my holy name;
26  After that they have borne their shame, and all their trespasses whereby they have trespassed against me, when they dwelt safely in their land, and none made them afraid.
27  When I have brought them again from the people, and gathered them out of their enemies’ lands, and am sanctified in them in the sight of many nations;
28  Then shall they know that I am the LORD their God, which caused them to be led into captivity among the heathen: but I have gathered them unto their own land, and have left none of them any more there.
29  Neither will I hide my face any more from them: for I have poured out my spirit upon the house of Israel, saith the Lord GOD.

CHINA AND KINGS O  F THE EAST MARCH TO ISRAEL 2ND WAVE OF WW3 (200 MILLION MAN ARMY)

REVELATION 16:12-16
12 And the sixth angel poured out his vial upon the great river Euphrates;(WERE WW3 STARTS IN IRAQ OR SYRIA OR TURKEY) and the water thereof was dried up, that the way of the kings of the east might be prepared.(THE TURKEY ATATURK DAM ON THE EUPHRATES CAN BE SHUT AND DRIED UP ALREADY BY TURKEY)
13 And I saw three unclean spirits like frogs come out of the mouth of the dragon,(SATAN) and out of the mouth of the beast,(WORLD DICTATOR) and out of the mouth of the false prophet.(FALSE POPE)
14 For they are the spirits of devils, working miracles, which go forth unto the kings of the earth and of the whole world, to gather them to the battle of that great day of God Almighty.(WERE 2 BILLION DIE FROM NUKE WAR)
15 Behold, I come as a thief. Blessed is he that watcheth, and keepeth his garments, lest he walk naked, and they see his shame.
16 And he gathered them together into a place called in the Hebrew tongue Armageddon.(ITS AT THIS TIME I BELIEVE WHEN AMERICA GETS NUKED BY RUSSIA ON THE WAY TO THE MIDEAST)

DANIEL 11:44 (2ND WAVE OF WW3)
44 But tidings out of the east(CHINA) and out of the north(RUSSIA, MUSLIMS WHATS LEFT FROM WAVE 1) shall trouble him:(EU DICTATOR IN ISRAEL) therefore he shall go forth with great fury to destroy, and utterly to make away many.( 1/3RD OF EARTHS POPULATION)

REVELATION 9:12-18
12 One woe is past; and, behold, there come two woes more hereafter.
13 And the sixth angel sounded, and I heard a voice from the four horns of the golden altar which is before God,
14 Saying to the sixth angel which had the trumpet, Loose the four(DEMONIC WAR) angels which are bound in the great river Euphrates.(WORLDWIDE WAR)(TURKEY-IRAQ-SYRIA)(EUPHRATES RIVER CONSISTS OF 760 MILES IN TURKEY,440 MILES IN SYRIA AND 660 MILES IN IRAQ)
15 And the four(DEMONIC WAR) angels were loosed,(WORLDWIDE WAR) which were prepared for an hour, and a day, and a month, and a year, for to slay the third part of men.(1/3 Earths Population die in WW 3 2ND WAVE-2 billion)
16 And the number of the army of the horsemen were two hundred thousand thousand:(200 MILLION MAN ARMY FROM CHINA AND THE KINGS OF THE EAST) and I heard the number of them.
17 And thus I saw the horses in the vision, and them that sat on them, having breastplates of fire, and of jacinth, and brimstone: and the heads of the horses were as the heads of lions; and out of their mouths issued fire and smoke and brimstone.(NUCLEAR BOMBS)
18 By these three was the third part of men killed, by the fire, and by the smoke, and by the brimstone, which issued out of their mouths.(NUCLEAR BOMBS)

Iran meets European powers for new nuclear talks amid snapback sanctions threat-German, British and French diplomats in Istanbul to meet Iranian counterparts for first time since war with Israel, as powers weigh reimposing UN sanctions By AFP Today, 9:50 amUpdated at 11:28 am-JUL 25,25

Iranian diplomats were meeting counterparts from Germany, Britain and France on Friday for renewed nuclear talks amid warnings that the three European powers could trigger “snapback” sanctions outlined under the since-abandoned 2015 deal.The meeting, taking place in Istanbul, was the first since Israel’s mid-June attack on Iran, which the Jewish state says was carried out due to an imminent threat of Tehran obtaining nuclear weapons. Israel’s attack, which sparked a 12-day war, targeted key nuclear and military sites.Israel’s offensive — which killed top commanders, nuclear scientists and hundreds of others as residential areas were struck as well — also derailed US-Iran nuclear talks that began in April.Since then, the European powers, known as the E3, have threatened to trigger the “snapback mechanism,” which would reinstate United Nations sanctions on Iran by the end of August, under the effectively moribund 2015 nuclear deal.The option to trigger the snapback expires in October, and Tehran has warned of consequences should the E3 opt to activate it.“Inaction by the E3 is not an option,” a European source said, noting that Tehran would be reminded during the meeting that the snapback window closes this autumn.The source said Europeans are preparing to trigger the mechanism “in the absence of a negotiated solution” and called on Iran to make “clear gestures” regarding uranium enrichment and the resumption of cooperation with the UN nuclear watchdog.Iran’s Deputy Foreign Minister Kazem Gharibabadi, who was attending the talks Friday, alongside senior Iranian diplomat Majid Takht-Ravanchi, warned this week that triggering sanctions “is completely illegal.”He also accused European powers of “halting their commitments” to the deal after the United States unilaterally withdrew in 2018 during President Donald Trump’s first term.“We have warned them of the risks, but we are still seeking common ground to manage the situation,” said Gharibabadi.Sanctions-Iranian diplomats have previously warned that Tehran could withdraw from the global nuclear non-proliferation treaty if UN sanctions are reimposed. Restoring sanctions would deepen Iran’s international isolation and place further pressure on its already strained economy.Israeli Foreign Minister Gideon Sa’ar has urged European powers to trigger the mechanism.Israel’s June 13 attack on Iran came two days before Tehran and Washington were scheduled to meet for a sixth round of nuclear negotiations.The US joined the Israeli air campaign against Iran’s nuclear and military infrastructure on June 22, striking Iranian nuclear facilities at Fordo, Isfahan and Natanz.Iran responded to the Israeli attacks with near-daily barrages of missiles at cities, killing 28 people and wounding thousands, according to health officials and hospitals. Some of the missiles hit apartment buildings, a university and a hospital, causing heavy damage.Before the war, Washington and Tehran were divided over uranium enrichment, which Iran has described as a “non-negotiable” right, while the US called it a “red line.”The International Atomic Energy Agency says Iran is enriching uranium to 60 percent purity — far above the 3.67% cap under the 2015 deal and close to weapons-grade levels.Tehran has said it is open to discussing the rate and level of enrichment, but not the right to enrich uranium.A year after the US withdrawal from the nuclear deal, Iran began rolling back its commitments, which had placed restrictions on its nuclear activities in exchange for sanctions relief.Israel and Western powers accuse Iran of pursuing nuclear weapons — a charge Tehran has consistently denied, though it has been enriching uranium to levels that have no civilian application while regularly threatening to annihilate Israel.‘National pride’Iran insists it will not abandon its nuclear program, which Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi called a source of “national pride.”“Especially after the recent war, it is important for them to understand that the Islamic Republic of Iran’s position remains unshakable, and that our uranium enrichment will continue. We will not give up this right of the Iranian people,” Araghchi said on the eve of the Istanbul talks.The full extent of the damage sustained in the US bombing remains unclear. Trump has claimed the sites were “completely destroyed,” but US media reports have cast doubt over the scale of destruction.Araghchi has noted that enrichment has currently “stopped” due to “serious and severe” damage to nuclear sites caused by US and Israeli strikes.Since the 12-day war, Iran has suspended cooperation with the IAEA, accusing it of bias and failing to condemn the attacks.Inspectors have since left the country, but a technical team is expected to return in the coming weeks after Iran said future cooperation would take a “new form.”Israel has warned it may resume strikes if Iran rebuilds facilities or moves toward weapons capability.Iran has pledged a “harsh response” to any future attacks.

Europe needs to boost military capabilities: EU defense chief by AFP Staff Writers.

Washington (AFP) July 21, 2025-Europe needs to boost its defense capabilities as the United States seeks to focus on countering China, the EU's defense commissioner said on Monday.President Donald Trump has pushed for increased military burden-sharing with Europe since returning to office earlier this year, with NATO allies agreeing last month to boost their defense spending."Europe is preparing to take responsibility for its own defense. You asked us to do that, and finally we are moving ahead," Andrius Kubilius said in a speech in Washington."We are recognizing that you, Americans, have really the right and the reason in the longer-term perspective to start to shift more and more towards the Indo-Pacific in order to mitigate Chinese rising military power," he said."We Europeans need to ramp up our defense capabilities," the former Lithuanian prime minister said, adding: "That is what we are doing."The United States has for years identified China as its primary military rival and has sought to shift its focus and additional military assets to Asia.But unrest in the Middle East has repeatedly pulled American attention back to that region, with US assets being shifted -- at least temporarily -- away from Asia as a result.

Iran defends 'unshakable' right to enrich uranium ahead of key talks.

Tehran, July 24 (AFP) Jul 24, 2025-Iran on Thursday reaffirmed its right to enrich uranium, saying it was "unshakable", on the eve of key talks with European powers threatening to reimpose nuclear sanctions.Friday's meeting, set to take place in Istanbul, will be the first since Israel's mid-June attack targeting key nuclear and military sites in the Islamic republic sparked a 12-day war.The United States joined its ally Israel in the offensive, striking three Iranian nuclear facilities overnight between June 21 and 22."Especially after the recent war, it is important for them to understand that the Islamic Republic of Iran's position remains unshakable, and that our uranium enrichment will continue," said Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi."We will not give up this right of the Iranian people," he said, quoted by Tasnim news agency.The hostilities between Iran and Israel broke out just two days before Tehran and Washington were set to resume negotiations on Iran's nuclear programme.Britain, France and Germany -- alongside China, Russia and the United States -- are parties to a 2015 nuclear deal with Iran, which placed major restrictions on its atomic activities in return for the gradual lifting of UN sanctions.However, in 2018, the United States unilaterally withdrew from the agreement during Donald Trump's first term as president and reimposed its own sanctions.Britain, France and Germany maintained their support for the 2015 accord and sought to continue trade with Iran, meaning UN and EU sanctions were not reinstated.But they have since accused Tehran of failing to uphold its commitments and are threatening to reimpose sanctions under a clause in the agreement that expires in October -- something Iran is keen to avoid at all costs."Inaction by the E3 is not an option," a European source said of the three powers, noting that Tehran would be reminded during the meeting that the snapback window closes this autumn.The source said Europeans were preparing to trigger the mechanism "in the absence of a negotiated solution" and called on Iran to make "clear gestures" regarding uranium enrichment and the resumption of cooperation with the UN's nuclear watchdog, the International Atomic Energy Agency.The IAEA says Iran is the only non-nuclear-armed country currently enriching uranium to 60 percent -- far beyond the 3.67 percent cap set by the 2015 accord.That is a short step from the 90 percent enrichment required for a nuclear weapon.Western powers, led by the United States and backed by Israel, have long accused Tehran of secretly seeking nuclear weapons.Iran has repeatedly denied this, insisting its nuclear programme is solely for civilian purposes such as energy production.Tehran and Washington had held five rounds of nuclear talks starting in April, but a planned meeting on June 15 was cancelled after Israel launched its strikes on Iran.

Atomic Brussels? Support for nuclear power gains ground in EU.

Brussels, Belgium, July 24 (AFP) Jul 24, 2025-Long a taboo, Brussels opened the door to EU funding for nuclear power this month in a sign of the growing support atomic energy is enjoying within the bloc.The European Commission listed "nuclear fission energy" among the sectors eligible to receive EU money in its 2028-2034 budget proposal unveiled last week -- reversing a previous ban.The commission declined to say if that meant Brussels was prepared to fund the building of new nuclear reactors, with a spokeswoman stressing that the proposal was "still to be discussed" with member states.Nuclear's eligibility remained only potential, she said, and fission was listed alongside other related fields such as decommissioning nuclear facilities, management of radioactive waste and nuclear research.But the change in tack -- given atomic energy was explicitly excluded from funding under the current European Union budget -- marked a victory for the pro-nuclear camp, which has been steadily gathering steam.Europe has long been divided on nuclear.While France has championed it, Germany has led the opposition since former chancellor Angela Merkel accelerated a phase-out in 2011, after the meltdown at the Fukushima nuclear plant in Japan.The two economic powerhouses even captain rival informal clubs of countries that vie for influence in Brussels.Paris leads the "European Nuclear Alliance" while Berlin is top dog in the "Friends of Renewables" group.Informal breakfast talks of the two groups are normally held ahead of meetings of EU energy ministers, with representatives of some countries shuttling between the two gatherings.- 'Unavoidable' topic -France's club has been gaining members, with Belgium and Italy announcing this year they would join, and Greece also expressing interest.This came after Rome opened the door to a return to atomic power, and Belgium officially abandoned a two-decades-old pledge to phase it out.Other members of the club include Bulgaria, Croatia, Finland, the Netherlands, Poland and Sweden.Germany's grouping includes Austria, Spain, Portugal, Ireland, Denmark, and the Baltic states, among others."The enlargement of the alliance makes the subject somewhat unavoidable," Neil Makaroff, a climate transition expert at Strategic Perspectives, a think tank, said of the pro-atomic faction.After years of EU ostracism, these countries want to "make nuclear power politically neutral", he added.Opposition is weaker than a couple of years ago, with more and more governments emphasising the need for a complementary energy mix to speed-up the electrification of the continent.France is even hoping for a more lenient approach from Germany under new leader Friedrich Merz.In May, the chancellor co-signed an opinion piece with French President Emmanuel Macron backing "technological neutrality" and the "non-discriminatory treatment of all low-carbon energies within the European Union".French Energy Minister Marc Ferracci later said the Germans were ready to end "the religious war over nuclear power".Yet, opinions on the matter within Germany's ruling coalition differ and whether Berlin -- a net contributor to the bloc's budget -- would go so far as to greenlight EU funding for nuclear remains to be seen, said Makaroff.Tensions might bubble up again in the coming months, as countries discuss European rules on renewable energy -- a package France would rather be called "decarbonised" energy and include nuclear power.Paris claimed a first victory this month when the commission included the concept of "technological neutrality" dear to the French in its 2040 climate target proposal.Still, even in the most nuclear-heavy scenarios, wind and solar power are projected to dominate the European energy mix in the coming decades.In 2024 renewables accounted for 47 percent of electricity production in Europe, compared with 23 percent for nuclear energy, according to EU data agency Eurostat."In the short term, most of the work on electrification will be done through renewables," said Makaroff.

Anxiety and pride among Cambodia's future conscriptsBy Suy SE.

Phnom Penh (AFP) July 22, 2025-The generation of Cambodians who may find themselves in the firing line when the country introduces military conscription is split between quiet pangs of anxiety and proud proclamations of patriotism."My family is poor. If I am called in for the service, I am worried that my family might face financial issues," 25-year-old tuk-tuk driver Voeun Dara told AFP in Phnom Penh. "It is worrisome for me."Citing rising tensions with Thailand, Prime Minister Hun Manet says Cambodia will next year activate a long-dormant law requiring citizens aged 18 to 30 to enlist in the military.Hun Manet has proposed conscripts serve for two years to bolster the country's 200,000 personnel after a territorial dispute boiled over into a border clash, killing one Cambodian soldier in late May.Graphic design student Ray Kimhak's brother-in-law, a volunteer soldier, has already been deployed to the countries' 800-kilometre-long (500-mile) border.But the 21-year-old says he would gladly join him if compelled by conscription."He said it was a bit difficult to sleep in the jungle, and it rains a lot. But these difficulties don't discourage me at all," Ray Kimhak told AFP at his university in the capital."We are ready to protect our territory because when it is gone, we would never get it back."- 'We should be ready' -Cambodia's conscription law dates back to 2006 but has never been enforced. Hun Manet has said it will be used to replace retiring troops, though it is unclear how many citizens are set to be called up.The country of 17 million has a long and dark history of forced enlistment.Pol Pot's Khmer Rouge communist regime, which ruled from 1975 to 1979, conscripted fighting-aged men, and sometimes children, into its ranks as it perpetrated a genocide that killed two million.One 64-year-old who was conscripted by the Khmer Rouge at 17 told AFP he supported the government's decision, despite standing on a landmine during his time as a soldier."I was forced to be a soldier by Pol Pot," he told AFP, speaking on condition of anonymity from the Thai border town of Sampov Lun."Being a soldier is not easy, but I support the government's plan of military conscription in the face of a border dispute with Thailand. We need to protect our land."Under the newly activated conscription legislation, those who refuse to serve in wartime would face three years in prison, while peacetime refuseniks would face one year behind bars.Sipping green tea at a cafe, 18-year-old IT student Oeng Sirayuth says he fully supports Hun Manet's call to arms."We should be ready, because tension with our neighbouring country is growing," he said. But personally he hopes for a deferral as he finishes his studies."I am a bit reluctant because I have never thought that I will have to join the military service," he said."I think 60 percent of young people are ready to join the military, so these people can go first, and those who are not yet ready can enter the service later."Under the modern-day conscription legislation, women will be allowed to opt for volunteer work rather than military service.But 23-year-old internet provider saleswoman Leakhena said she stands ready to serve on the frontlines.Last month her family delivered donations to Cambodian soldiers patrolling the border, where tensions have spiked with Thailand over a disputed area known as the Emerald Triangle."We have to do something to protect our nation," said Leakhena, speaking on the condition that only her first name was revealed."I feel proud for our soldiers. They are so brave," she added.- 'Trust needs to be earned' -Cambodia allocated approximately $739 million for defence in 2025, the largest share of the country's $9.32 billion national budget, according to official figures.Hun Manet has pledged to "look at increasing" the defence budget as part of reforms to beef up the military.But one young would-be conscript urged the government to defer its plans as the country recovers its finances from the Covid-19 pandemic."Our economy is still struggling," said the 20-year-old fine art student, who asked not to be named."We are in the state of developing our country, so if we enforce the law soon we might face some problems for our economy."Political analyst Ou Virak also said Cambodia's military faces challenges from within as it seeks to win buy-in from a new generation of conscripts."Military training, chain of command, and military discipline are all issues that need to be addressed," he told AFP."For conscription to work and be generally supported and accepted by the people, trust needs to be earned."

Thailand, Cambodia clash with jets and rockets in deadly border rowBy Montira Rungjirajittranon with Suy Se in Phnom Penh.

Bangkok (AFP) July 24, 2025-Thailand launched air strikes on Cambodian military targets on Thursday as Cambodia fired rockets and artillery, killing at least 11 civilians, in a dramatic escalation of a long-running border row between the two neighbours.The neighbours are locked in a bitter spat over an area known as the Emerald Triangle, where the borders of both countries and Laos meet, and which is home to several ancient temples.The squabble has dragged on for decades, flaring into bloody military clashes more than 15 years ago and again in May, when a Cambodian soldier was killed in a firefight.The conflict blazed up on Thursday, with Cambodia firing rockets and artillery shells into Thailand and the Thai military scrambling F-16 jets to carry out air strikes.The Thai ministry of public health said at least 11 civilians had been killed, most of them in a rocket strike near a petrol station in Sisaket province.Footage from the scene showed smoke pouring from the roof of a convenience store attached to the petrol station. Provincial officials said most of the dead were students inside the shop when the attack happened.Six Thai air force jets were deployed from Ubon Ratchathani province, hitting two "Cambodian military targets on the ground", according to Thai military deputy spokesperson Ritcha Suksuwanon.Both sides blamed the other for starting the fighting, which erupted near two temples on the border between the Thai province of Surin and Cambodia's Oddar Meanchey.Cambodian defence ministry spokeswoman Maly Socheata said in a statement that Thai troops launched an "armed assault on Cambodian forces"."In response, the Cambodian armed forces exercised their legitimate right to self-defence, in full accordance with international law, to repel the Thai incursion and protect Cambodia's sovereignty and territorial integrity," she said.Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Manet requested an urgent meeting of the UN Security Council to address what his foreign ministry labelled "unprovoked military aggression".Thailand's government spokesman, meanwhile, accused Cambodia of being "inhumane, brutal and war-hungry", and Bangkok's foreign ministry said all border crossings had been shut and nearby residents evacuated.The Thai military blamed Cambodian soldiers for firing first, and later accused them of a "targeted attack on civilians", saying two BM-21 rockets had hit a community in Surin's Kap Choeng district, wounding three people.According to the Thai military, the clashes began around 7:35 am (0035 GMT) when a unit guarding Ta Muen temple heard a Cambodian drone overhead.Later, six armed Cambodian soldiers, including one carrying a rocket-propelled grenade launcher, approached a barbed-wired fence in front of the Thai post, the army said.Around 8:20 am, Cambodian forces opened fire toward the eastern side of the temple, about 200 metres from the Thai base.Thailand's acting Prime Minister Phumtham Wechayachai said "the situation requires careful handling, and we must act in accordance with international law"."We will do our best to protect our sovereignty," he said.In a Facebook post, Thailand's embassy in Phnom Penh urged its nationals to leave Cambodia "as soon as possible" unless they had urgent reasons to remain.China, a close ally of Cambodia, said it was "deeply concerned" about the clashes, calling for dialogue -- while also urging its citizens in Cambodia to avoid the country's frontier with Thailand.- Long-running row -The violence came hours after Thailand expelled the Cambodian ambassador and recalled its own envoy in protest after five members of a Thai military patrol were wounded by a landmine.On Thursday morning, Cambodia announced it was downgrading ties to "the lowest level", pulling out all but one of its diplomats and expelling their Thai equivalents from Phnom Penh.Recent weeks have seen a series of tit-for-tat swipes by both sides, with Thailand restricting border crossings and Cambodia halting certain imports.The border row also kicked off a domestic political crisis in Thailand, where prime minister Paetongtarn Shinawatra has been suspended from office pending an ethics probe over her conduct.A diplomatic call between Paetongtarn and Hun Sen, Cambodia's former longtime ruler and father of Hun Manet, was leaked from the Cambodian side, sparking a judicial investigation.Malaysian Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim called on both sides to "stand down" and start talks.Malaysia currently chairs the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), of which both Thailand and Cambodia are members.burs-pdw/fox

US approves $322 mn in arms sales to Ukraine; German government moves to speed up military procurement-by AFP Staff Writers.

Washington (AFP) July 23, 2025-The United States on Wednesday announced the approval of $322 million in arms sales to bolster Ukraine's air defenses and its armored combat vehicles.The announcement of the sales comes after Washington temporarily halted some weapons shipments to Ukraine earlier this month even as Kyiv faced heavy Russian missile and drone attacks.The sale of HAWK air defense equipment and sustainment will cost up to $172 million, while Bradley Infantry Fighting Vehicle equipment and services will total up to $150 million, the US Defense Security Cooperation Agency (DSCA) said.The proposed HAWK equipment sale "will improve Ukraine's capability to meet current and future threats by further equipping it to conduct self-defense and regional security missions with a more robust air defense capability," DSCA said.And the Bradley equipment and services will help meet Ukraine's "urgent need to strengthen local sustainment capabilities to maintain high operational rates for United States provided vehicles and weapon systems," it said.The State Department approved the possible sales and the DSCA provided the required notification to the US Congress, which still needs to sign off on the transactions.The latest proposed military sale to Ukraine follows another announced in early May valued at $310.5 million for F-16 training and sustainment.Russia's President Vladimir Putin launched the full-scale invasion of neighboring Ukraine in 2022 and has shown little willingness to end the conflict despite pressure from the United States.Under former president Joe Biden, Washington committed to providing more than $65 billion in military assistance to Ukraine.But President Donald Trump -- long skeptical of assistance for Ukraine -- has not followed suit, announcing no new military aid packages for Kyiv since he returned to office in January.

German government moves to speed up military procurement.

Berlin (AFP) July 23, 2025 - Germany's government on Wednesday approved a draft bill to speed up military procurement as Berlin moves to build up its armed forces in the face of wavering US commitment to European security.The plans would make it easier for defence firms to receive advance payments from the state to start production sooner, Defence Minister Boris Pistorius told journalists.Contracts worth less than 443,000 euros ($520,000) will also be exempt from the full procurement process, up from a current limit of 15,000 euros, Pistorius said.The threshold will rise to one million euros for construction projects, he added.He said the proposed bill represented a "quantum leap" for Germany's armed forces, unblocking progress on about 12,000 procurement processes.The changes will address the "jumble of regulations" that hindered "quickly building up Germany's defence readiness", he added.Presenting the bill alongside Pistorius, Economy Minister Katherina Reiche said Germany needed to become "technologically and industrially stronger than potential aggressors"."That is how we preserve peace," Reiche added.Berlin has rushed to rearm itself following Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine, accelerating that process after US President Donald Trump urged Europe to take more responsibility for its own defence.Chancellor Friedrich Merz has vowed to build Europe's "strongest conventional army" to counter a perceived threat from Moscow.That represents a radical shift in a country with strong pacifist traditions due to its Nazi past.Spending on Germany's armed forces is expected to reach 162 billion euros in 2029, more than triple Germany's defence budget before the war in Ukraine.To become law, the cabinet's draft bill still needs to be passed by Germany's parliament.

Iran to meet European powers amid threats of UN sanctions snapback.

Istanbul, July 25 (AFP) Jul 25, 2025-Iranian diplomats will meet counterparts from Germany, Britain and France on Friday for renewed nuclear talks, amid warnings that the three European powers could trigger "snapback" sanctions outlined under the 2015 deal.The meeting, set to take place in Istanbul, will be the first since Israel's mid-June attack on Iran, which sparked a 12-day war and targeted key nuclear and military sites.Israel's offensive -- which killed top commanders, nuclear scientists and hundreds of others as residential areas were struck as well -- also derailed US-Iran nuclear talks that began in April.Since then, the European powers, known as the E3, have threatened to trigger the "snapback mechanism", which would reinstate United Nations sanctions on Iran by the end of August, under the effectively moribund 2015 nuclear deal.The option to trigger the snapback expires in October, and Tehran has warned of consequences should the E3 opt to activate it."Inaction by the E3 is not an option," a European source said, noting that Tehran would be reminded during the meeting that the snapback window closes this autumn.The source said Europeans are preparing to trigger the mechanism "in the absence of a negotiated solution" and called on Iran to make "clear gestures" regarding uranium enrichment and the resumption of cooperation with the UN nuclear watchdog.Ahead of the talks on Friday, Iranian foreign ministry spokesman Esmaeil Baqaei said the meeting would be a "test of realism for the Europeans and a valuable opportunity to correct their views on Iran's nuclear issue," in remarks to the official IRNA news agency.- Sanctions -Iran's Deputy Foreign Minister Kazem Gharibabadi, who will attend the talks Friday, alongside senior Iranian diplomat Majid Takht-Ravanchi, warned this week that triggering sanctions "is completely illegal".He also accused European powers of "halting their commitments" to the deal after the United States unilaterally withdrew in 2018 during President Donald Trump's first term."We have warned them of the risks, but we are still seeking common ground to manage the situation," said Gharibabadi.Iranian diplomats have previously warned that Tehran could withdraw from the global nuclear non-proliferation treaty if UN sanctions are reimposed.Restoring sanctions would deepen Iran's international isolation and place further pressure on its already strained economy.Israeli Foreign Minister Gideon Saar has urged European powers to trigger the mechanism.Israel's June 13 attack on Iran came two days before Tehran and Washington were scheduled to meet for a sixth round of nuclear negotiations.On June 22, the United States itself struck Iranian nuclear facilities at Fordo, Isfahan, and Natanz.Before the war, Washington and Tehran were divided over uranium enrichment, which Iran has described as a "non-negotiable" right, while the United States called it a "red line".The International Atomic Energy Agency says Iran is enriching uranium to 60 percent purity -- far above the 3.67 percent cap under the 2015 deal and close to weapons-grade levels.Tehran has said it is open to discussing the rate and level of enrichment, but not the right to enrich uranium.A year after the US withdrawal from the nuclear deal, Iran began rolling back its commitments, which had placed restrictions on its nuclear activities in exchange for sanctions relief.Israel and Western powers accuse Iran of pursuing nuclear weapons -- a charge Tehran has consistently denied.- 'Unshakable' -Iran insists it will not abandon its nuclear programme, with Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi saying " Iran's position remains unshakable, and that our uranium enrichment will continue."Araghchi has previously noted that enrichment is currently "stopped" due to "serious and severe" damage to nuclear sites caused by US and Israeli strikes.The full extent of the damage sustained in the US bombing remains unclear. Trump has claimed the sites were "completely destroyed", but US media reports have cast doubt over the scale of destruction.Since the 12-day war, Iran has suspended cooperation with the IAEA, accusing it of bias and failing to condemn the attacks.Inspectors have since left the country, but a technical team is expected to return in the coming weeks after Iran said future cooperation would take a "new form".Israel has warned it may resume strikes if Iran rebuilds facilities or moves toward weapons capability.Iran has pledged a "harsh response" to any future attacks.

US approves $4.67 bn sale of air defense system to Egypt.

Washington, July 24 (AFP) Jul 24, 2025-The United States on Thursday announced the approval of a $4.67 billion sale of the NASAMS air defense system and related support to Egypt.NASAMS -- the National Advanced Surface-to-Air Missile System -- has seen recent use on the battlefield after being provided to Ukraine by Kyiv's supporters as part of efforts to bolster the country's air defenses against Russian attacks."The proposed sale will improve Egypt's capability to meet current and future threats by improving its ability to detect various air threats," the Defense Security Cooperation Agency (DSCA) said in a statement.The deal also "will support the foreign policy goals and national security objectives of the United States by improving the security of a major non-NATO ally that is a force for political stability and economic progress in the Middle East," DSCA said.The State Department approved the possible sale of the system to Egypt and the DSCA provided the required notification to the US Congress, which still needs to sign off on the transaction.

Space Force general to oversee U.S. 'Golden Dome' missile shield-by Jake Thomas.

Washington DC (UPI) Jul 22, 2025-The U.S. Senate has approved Gen. Mike Guetlein to oversee President Donald Trump's national missile defense system, known as the Golden Dome.The Pentagon announced Tuesday that Guetlein had cleared the final hurdle to leading the Office of Golden Dome for America, which will work with industry, higher education, national labs and other government agencies to develop the high-tech missile shield.The Golden Dome is similar to Israel's "Iron Dome" and is intended to modernize the United States' defenses from threats from Russia, China, Iran and North Korea. The missile shield will be designed for ballistic, hypersonic, advanced cruise missiles and other large-scale attacks.Guetlein is currently a Space Force general who serves as vice chief of space operations for the military service branch.Testifying to Congress in March, Guetlein compared the complexity of developing the Golden Dome to that of the Manhattan Project, a World War II-era initiative that produced the world's first nuclear weapons."It is not complex because of technology; it is complex because of the number of organizations and agencies that need to be involved," he told a Senate Senate Armed Services subcommittee.Building the Golden Dome will require cooperation between multiple government agencies, as well as private industry, he said. Guetlein described differences in organizational behavior and culture as the project's biggest challenges, which he said can be overcome by having an empowered and well-resourced agency in charge that has the support of policymakers.The Golden Dome project is expected to cost $175 billion and Trump has previously said it will be "fully operational" by the end of his term.The GOP-backed major tax and spending bill recently signed by Trump includes nearly $25 billion for the Golden Dome. Defense contractors are optimistic it will boost profits.Defense contractor Lockheed Martin on Tuesday reported $18.2 billion in second-quarter sales and predicted more growth as the Golden Dome Project progresses.Speaking during an earnings call Tuesday, Jim Taiclet, president and CEO of Lockheed Martin, said the company has already developed missile defense systems that "are the exact solutions needed to make Golden Dome for America a reality."Taiclet added that the company's exact role in the Golden Dome project remains to be seen because "the plan on the government side isn't laid out yet."Chris Calio, chairman and CEO of RTX Corp., also expressed optimism that the project would bolster the company's bottom line during an earnings call Tuesday, saying it "is really well aligned with our core capabilities and product portfolio."The effectiveness of Israel's Iron Dome has been on display after it successfully shielded the country from hundreds of missiles launched by Iran.Trump administration officials say the Golden Dome will fulfill former President Ronald Reagan's vision of a "Star Wars" system that was never completed. Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth previously said that technology has now advanced enough to build the expansive missile shield envisioned by Reagan.The United States has missile defense systems in place already, but they would not be able to defend against a large-scale attack from Russia, China, Iran or North Korea.Patrycja Bazylczyk, program manager and research associate at the Center for Strategic and International Studies' Missile Defense Project, previously told UPI that the Golden Dome project could reorient the United States' defense for an era of "great power competition.""Our adversaries China and Russia have next-generation weapons that can threaten the U.S. homeland," Bazylczyk said. "We need to prime our defenses to defend against these next generation threats."

Syria rejects Kurd bid to keep weapons: government source.

Damascus, July 24 (AFP) Jul 24, 2025-Syria has rejected Kurdish demands to keep their weapons, a government source said Thursday, as a new round of talks on the Kurds' integration into the state was set to begin.The Kurds, who control large swathes of the north and east, are negotiating with the central government on the integration of their civil and military institutions into the state.Those include the US-backed Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), which is Kurdish-led."Talking about refusing to hand over weapons or maintaining an autonomous military force is completely unacceptable," the source told the state broadcaster Al-Ikhbariya.According to the source, such a position "contradicts the principles of unifying the national army and the agreement reached last March between Ahmed al-Sharaa and Mazloum Abdi".In March, Interim President Ahmed al-Sharaa and SDF commander Mazloum Abdi signed a deal to incorporate Kurdish institutions into the Syrian state.While talks have been held regularly since then, progress has stalled.Recent unrest in the south, where the new authorities have attempted to subdue the Druze minority, as well as ongoing violence targeting the Alawite community, has deepened Kurdish concerns.According to the Kurdish news agency Hawar, a planned meeting on Thursday in Paris between Kurdish representatives and a Syrian government delegation was postponed.During the recent violence in the southern Druze heartland of Sweida -- which left nearly 1,400 dead -- a senior Syrian Kurdish official called on the central government to urgently and comprehensively rethink its approach to minorities.Damascus, meanwhile, insists on reunifying the country at any cost.The government source's comments came a day after SDF spokesperson Farhad Shami told al-Yaum TV that disarmament is a "red line"."No one is surrendering in Syria. Those betting on our capitulation will lose -- the tragic events have made that clear," he added, referring to the communal violence in Sweida.Reacting to this, the Syrian government source said: "Using the events in Sweida or along the coast to justify refusing to return to the state fold is a manipulation of public opinion"."A genuine national dialogue cannot happen under the threat of weapons or with backing from foreign powers," the source added.On Saturday, Abdi, who is backed by Washington, met with US special envoy to Syria Tom Barrack to discuss the southern unrest, according to the US embassy in Syria on X.

Risk highlighted as Chinese hackers hit Microsoft.

Paris, July 25 (AFP) Jul 25, 2025-Software giant Microsoft is at the center of cybersecurity storm after China-linked hackers exploited flaws in SharePoint servers to target hundreds of organizations.While such cyberattacks are not new, the scale of the onslaught and the speed with which the hackers took advantage of freshly discovered vulnerabilities is fueling concern.Dutch startup Eye Security warned Saturday of online attacks targeting SharePoint file-sharing servers, with Microsoft quick to confirm the report and release patches to protect systems.The vulnerability allowed hackers to retrieve credentials and then access SharePoint servers kept at users' facilities, according to Microsoft.Cloud-based SharePoint software was safe from the problem, the company said.- Targets -Eye Security determined that more than 400 computer systems were compromised by hackers during waves of attacks.Targets included government organizations in Europe, the Middle East and the United States - among them the US nuclear weapons agency, media reports indicated."On-premises SharePoint deployments - particularly within government, schools, healthcare and large enterprise companies - are at immediate risk," cybersecurity firm Palo Alto Networks warned in a note.Microsoft has not disclosed the number of victims in the attacks.SharePoint had more than 200 million active users as of 2020, according to the most recent figures available from Microsoft.- Attribution? -Microsoft has attributed the cyberattacks to groups backed by China.The culprits are believed to include Chinese state actors known as Linen Typhoon and Violet Typhoon along with a group called Storm-2603 which "is considered with moderate confidence to be a threat actor based in China."The Typhoon groups have been active for a decade or more, and are known for intellectual property theft as well as espionage, according to Microsoft.Less was known about Storm-2603 and its motives."Investigations into other actors also using these exploits are ongoing," Microsoft said, urging users to patch SharePoint servers to avoid becoming hacking victims.Cybersecurity specialist Damien Bancal noted in a recent blog post that he found "ready-to-use exploit code" for the vulnerability at a popular website.- Why Microsoft? -The assault on SharePoint servers is the latest in a series of sophisticated attacks carried out by state-sponsored groups against "the Microsoft ecosystem," according to Bancal.In 2021, attacks by a Chinese hacker group known as Silk Typhoon compromised tens of thousands of email servers using Microsft Exchange software.Microsoft's success at making its software commonplace in offices and homes also makes it a prime target for hackers out to steal money or information.Microsoft software can hold sensitive and valuable information."It's not Microsoft that is being targeted, it's its customers," said Shane Barney, head of information security at US-based Keeper.Targeting Microsoft programs is a means to an end, and tomorrow it could be software from another company, said Rodrigue Le Bayon, head of Orange Cyberdefense computer emergency response team.- China's role? -China is not the only nation backing hacker operations as countries around the world hone cyber capabilities, according to Le Bayon.Nevertheless, China is repeatedly singled out by companies and goverments hit by hacks.Western countries have accused hacker groups allegedly supported by China of conducting a global cyber espionage campaign against figures critical of Beijing, democratic institutions, and companies in various sensitive sectors.mng-juj/gc/arp/dw

Hong Kong issues bounties for 19 overseas activists on subversion charges.

Hong Kong, July 25 (AFP) Jul 25, 2025-Hong Kong police announced bounties Friday for information leading to the arrest of 19 overseas activists, accusing them of national security crimes.Political dissent in Hong Kong has been quashed since Beijing imposed a sweeping national security law in 2020 after huge, sometimes violent pro-democracy protests the year before.Many opposition figures have fled abroad, while others have been arrested and sentenced to years in jail.Police said the 19 activists were involved in what they called a "subversive organisation", Hong Kong Parliament -- a pro-democracy NGO established in Canada.On July 1, Hong Kong Parliament said on social media that it was holding an unofficial poll online to form a "legislature", aimed at "opposing one-party dictatorship and tyranny and pursuing Hong Kong people ruling Hong Kong".In a statement on Friday, police accused the group of seeking to "unlawfully overthrow and undermine the fundamental system" of the Chinese and Hong Kong authorities.The investigation into the organisation is ongoing, the police said, warning that they "will offer bounties to hunt down more suspects in the case if necessary".They also called on the accused to "return to Hong Kong and turn themselves in, rather than make further mistakes".A reward of HK$200,000 ($25,500) each was offered for 15 of the activists, while the four others were already wanted for HK$1 million, the statement said.- Symbolic bounties -The bounties are seen as largely symbolic given that they affect people living abroad in nations unlikely to extradite political activists to Hong Kong or China.Friday's announcement is the fourth time the financial hub's authorities have offered rewards for help capturing those alleged to have violated the city's national security laws.According to the Hong Kong police's website, as of Friday there are now 34 people wanted for national security offences, including secession, subversion, or foreign collusion.Previous rounds of bounties were met with intense criticism from Western countries, with Hong Kong and China in turn railing against foreign "interference".Hong Kong has also previously cancelled the passports of other pro-democracy activists on its wanted list, under its second homegrown national security law enacted in 2024.As of July 1, authorities had arrested 333 people for alleged national security crimes, with 165 convicted in Hong Kong.Earlier this month, Hong Kong police arrested four people, including a 15-year-old, who were allegedly part of a group in Taiwan that called for the overthrow of the Chinese Communist Party.This week police said they had arrested an 18-year-old for writing "seditious words" on a toilet wall in a commercial building.

UK, Australia back embattled submarine deal with US.

Sydney, July 25 (AFP) Jul 25, 2025-Britain and Australia said Friday they will sign a 50-year commitment to their nuclear-powered submarine pact with the United States, seeking to bolster a deal that Washington has thrown into doubt.The two countries cast their pledge as a historic treaty but gave few details beyond saying it would help economic cooperation and "underpin" the existing, three-nation AUKUS pact."It is a profoundly important treaty that we will sign tomorrow," Australian Defence Minister Richard Marles told reporters after talks in Sydney between the two countries' defence and foreign ministers.A US defence official last month revealed that a review of AUKUS was underway to ensure it "aligned with the President's America First agenda" and that the US defence industrial base was "meeting our needs".Under the 2021 AUKUS deal, Australia would acquire at least three Virginia-class submarines from the United States within 15 years, eventually manufacturing its own subs.The US Navy has 24 Virginia-class vessels but American shipyards are struggling to meet production targets set at two new boats each year.In the United States, critics question why Washington would sell nuclear-powered submarines to Australia without stocking its own military first."A new government undertaking a review is the most natural thing in the world," Marles said of the decision by US President Donald Trump's administration.- 'Symbolism is important' -Australia had already contributed US$1 billion this year to help boost production and maintenance of submarines in the United States, he said."We are really confident that the production rates will be raised in America."Under AUKUS, Britain will eventually develop a new class of nuclear-powered attack submarines, the SSN-AUKUS, to enter service from the late 2030s.Australia would also build the SSN-AUKUS, with delivery expected to its navy in the early 2040s.British Defence Secretary John Healey said London welcomed the US review."It's an opportunity for the new administration to renew America's commitment to the deep AUKUS partnership that our three nations have," he said.In a government statement, Britain repeated previously released figures saying that the AUKUS submarine programme would lead to the creation of 21,000 UK jobs.It said the submarine programme was expected to be worth "up to" 20 billion pounds (US$27 billion) in British exports over the next 25 years.Analyst Tom Corben from the United States Studies Centre in Australia said the new treaty between Canberra and London was an important show of solidarity."The symbolism is important given everything else that is happening," he said.Britain's defence and foreign ministers were visiting Australia as their country's Carrier Strike Group and 3,000 personnel took part in annual Talisman Sabre military exercises across Australia and Papua New Guinea.

Macron appoints military advisor as new army chief by AFP Staff Writers.

Paris (AFP) July 23, 2025-President Emmanuel Macron has appointed his closest military advisor, an experienced fighter pilot, as the new chief of staff of France's armed forces, Defence Minister Sebastien Lecornu said Wednesday.Fabien Mandon, a 55-year-old air force general and former Mirage fighter jet pilot, takes over from Thierry Burkhard.The appointment of Mandon, who has extensive combat experience, comes after Macron last week called for a boost in France's defence spending, citing Russia as a threat for all of Europe.Macron said that "if you want be feared you must be powerful" and urged "mobilisation" by all government departments."I have every confidence in General Fabien Mandon," Macron said on X, adding he would "guide our forces in the face of major challenges".Lecornu said Mandon took on the job in the context of "an increasingly demanding security environment".Until Russia's 2022 invasion of Ukraine, France's armed forces were mainly focused on international missions and asymmetric warfare against non-state actors, such as jihadist groups in Africa's Sahel.Over the past three years, Burkhard has overseen a strategic shift to include the possibility of high-intensity war between states.Mandon's career includes several foreign deployments, including in the Central African Republic, Chad, and Tajikistan, from where he flew missions in Afghanistan."I killed in Afghanistan. And I know whom I killed: Taliban. I have the soul of a fighter," he recently told French magazine L'Express.Mandon also served temporarily as commander at the Avord Air Base, where nuclear-capable fighter jets are stationed.Part of his brief at the Elysee has been to inform Macron about nuclear deterrence questions.bur-jh/as/jj

North Korea's Kim urges troops to prepare 'for real war'by AFP Staff Writers.

Seoul (AFP) July 24, 2025-North Korean leader Kim Jong Un has urged his military to be ready "for real war" as he observed a firing contest of artillery units, Pyongyang state media said Thursday.Kim's remarks follow the North's deployment of troops and weapons to help Russia during its more than three-year long offensive in Ukraine.Video footage aired by state-run Korea Central Television on Thursday showed soldiers from artillery units firing shells towards the sea.Kim is seen looking through binoculars at an observation post, flanked by two military officials, but the location for Wednesday's contest was not disclosed.He urged the soldiers to be ready "for real war" at "anytime" and be capable of "destroying the enemy in every battle", the Korean Central News Agency reported in an English dispatch.South Korean and Western intelligence agencies have reported Pyongyang sent more than 10,000 soldiers to Russia's Kursk region last year, along with artillery shells, missiles and long-range rocket systems.Around 600 North Korean soldiers have been killed and thousands more wounded fighting for Russia, Seoul has said.Kim offered Moscow his full support for its war in Ukraine during recent talks with Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov, state media reported previously.The two heavily sanctioned nations signed a military deal last year, including a mutual defence clause, during a rare visit by Russian President Vladimir Putin to Pyongyang.

North Korea plans to build another 5,000-ton destroyer by AFP Staff Writers.

Seoul (AFP) July 22, 2025-North Korea vowed to build an additional 5,000-ton destroyer for its navy, state media reported Tuesday, after the nuclear-armed country launched two similar vessels this year.Leader Kim Jong Un has vowed to ramp up his country's naval capacities, and presided over the April launch of the country's first 5,000-ton destroyer-class naval ship, the Choe Hyon.South Korea's military has said the ship could have been developed with Russian help, possibly in exchange for deploying thousands of troops to help Moscow fight in Ukraine.Kim also presided over the botched launch of the destroyer Kang Kon in May, which was subsequently repaired and set afloat in June.Workers at the Nampho Shipyard pledged Monday at a rally to complete the new warship by October 10 next year, according to Pyongyang's official Korean Central News Agency.The date marks the anniversary of the founding of the ruling Workers' Party of Korea.The North will now construct the "Choe Hyon-class Destroyer No. 3" which it described as "a powerful warship of our own type".The Nampho dockyard manager urged workers to meet the construction deadline to uphold the party's "plan for building a powerful army" and "to firmly defend the inviolable maritime sovereignty and national interests," KCNA said.South Korea's new president, Lee Jae-myung, elected last month in a snap election, has promised a more dovish approach towards Pyongyang, compared with that of his hawkish impeached predecessor Yoon Suk Yeol.The Lee administration has halted loudspeaker propaganda broadcasts along the border, which Seoul began last year following a barrage of trash-filled balloons flown southward by Pyongyang.Seemingly in response, North Korea also ended its own propaganda broadcasts which had relayed strange and eerie noises into the South.

Iran says confronted US destroyer in Gulf of Oman-by AFP Staff Writers.

Tehran (AFP) July 23, 2025-Iranian forces on Wednesday warned a US destroyer to stay out of waters claimed by Tehran, state television reported, an interaction a US defence official said was "safe and professional" and did not affect the ship's mission.The exchange in the Gulf of Oman between the two rivals comes a month after the United States carried out strikes against three key Iranian nuclear sites during the 12-day war between Israel and the Islamic republic.State TV said an Iranian army helicopter flew over the USS Fitzgerald on Wednesday morning after the vessel "attempted to approach the waters under the supervision" of Iran.The destroyer issued threats of its own, the broadcaster said, but "the Iranian pilot... reiterated the warning to stay away from Iranian waters", forcing the US vessel to "give in" and alter its course.In a video released by Iranian state TV, a destroyer is seen from what seems to be a helicopter window as the pilot calls on the vessel to "change course" and avoid approaching Iranian territorial waters.A US defence official said the American ship "had a safe and professional interaction with an Iranian SH-3 'Sea King' helicopter while operating in international waters"."This interaction had no impact to USS Fitzgerald's mission and any reports claiming otherwise are falsehoods", the official added.Iranian forces have a history of confronting US forces in bodies of water off the country's southern coast.In 2023, Tehran said it forced a US submarine to surface while crossing the strategic Strait of Hormuz -- a claim Washington denied.

Germany approves Eurofighter jet delivery to Turkey-by AFP Staff Writers.

Berlin (AFP) July 23, 2025-Germany said Wednesday it had approved the delivery of Eurofighter jets to Turkey, clearing the way for a deal that had been delayed by tensions between the two countries.Turkey had been in talks for several years on buying 40 of the aircraft, which are constructed by a consortium from Germany, Britain, Italy and Spain.The Typhoon jets are to be built in Britain and London is leading the negotiations.But all members of the consortium must sign off on the sale and Germany, which has clashed with Turkey over Israel's war on Gaza, had objected.However, the defence ministry had now "sent a written confirmation to the Turkish government confirming the approval of the export", government spokesman Stefan Kornelius told journalists in Berlin.News outlet Der Spiegel reported that Chancellor Friedrich Merz had bowed to pressure from British Prime Minister Keir Starmer, as the project is expected to support about 20,000 jobs in Britain.After Germany gave the green light to the sale, the Turkish and British defence ministers signed a preliminary agreement in Istanbul on Wednesday for the delivery of the jets.The sale "will strengthen the decades-long friendship between key NATO allies and will be an important step towards enhancing Turkey's advanced air combat capabilities", Turkey's defence ministry said.British Defence Secretary John Healey said the deal would "strengthen NATO's collective defence, and boost both our countries' industrial bases by securing thousands of skilled jobs across the UK for years to come".Turkey's request for the planes was submitted to the German government more than two years ago, but the two countries have since clashed over the war in Gaza.Ankara has vocally criticised Israel's offensive in the Palestinian territory while Berlin has been a staunch supporter of Israel, although it has voiced some criticism over the worsening humanitarian situation in Gaza. 

 

MY MOHAWK RACEWAY PREDICTIONS 2025 RD 120 FRI JUL 25, 2025

    MOHAWK STANDARDBREAD HARNESS RACEWAY 2025 - RESULTS AS OF FRI JUL-25, 2025 - DAY-120

MOHAWK PICKS
01-6-3-5-7 4TH WBP (12-1)
02-4-8-7-3
03-2-5-7-4 W-4.40, 4TH WBP (9-1) - 4.40
04-8-5-7-3 P-4.10, 4TH WBP (3-1) - 8.50
05-5-3-6-7 P-7.00 - 15.50
06-8-1-2-3
07-2-4-7-1 W-3.10 - 18.60
08-5-2-9-3 W-3.80, DD-4.80 - 27.20
09-5-4-8-3
10-4-1-6-2 4TH (6-1)
11-4-10-6-2-0
MOHAWKS TONIGHTS TOTAL $27.20 OVERALL TOTAL $38,498.20

STANS PICKS
01-3-4-8-1-2
02-4-5-8-7-2 P-22.20, MTRI-163.10 - 185.30
03-2-7-1-5-3 W-4.40, S-4.40 - 194.10
04-1-7-5-8-2
05-7-5-3-1-4 4TH WBP (47-1)
06-1-6-8-3-2 4TH WBP (16-1)
07-2-1-4-5-7 W-3.10, S-2.60 -  199.80
08-5-2-6-7-9 W-3.80, 4TH WBP (39-1), DD-4.80 - 208.40
09-7-8-3-2-1 P-13.00, 4TH WBP (10-1) - 221.40
10-6-2-5-4-1
11-4-6-10-1-7 MEX-9.60 - 231.00
HI-5 MONEY BEFORE TONIGHT = $146,516.05
STANS TONIGHTS TOTAL $231.00 OVERALL TOTAL $29,746.00

ACTUAL RACE RESULTS
01-4 (7.5 )-6 (9.2)-7 (12-1)-5 (8-1)
02-8 (4.5)-5 (50-1)-4 (6.5)-6 (7-1)
03-2 (6.5)-4 (9-1)-1 (25-1)-7 (6-1)
04-6 (35-1)-5 (5.2)-3 (3-1)-2 (34-1)
05-6 (9.2)-3 (7-1)-1 (47-1)-4 (43-1)
06-3 (16-1)-5 (8-1)-4 (48-1)-2 (12-1) 
07-2 (1.2)-6 (30-1)-4 (7.2)-3 (12-1) (5-4P8 FOR INT)
08-5 (4.5)-8 (5.2)-7 (39-1)-4 (22-1)
09-2 (10-1)-8 (12-1 )-7 (15-1)-4 (7-1)
10-3 (14-1)-7 (22-1)-8 (75-1)-2 (6-1)
11-6 (9.5)-4 (1-1)-5 (69-1)-7 (18-1)-9 (39-1) (8-SCR)

MOHAWK PREDICTIONS)-RECORD 2025
01-456-BIG-$22.00 (FEB 21-6TH) (10-1), $17.50 (JUL 08-9TH) (7-1), $14.40 (JUL 22-7TH) (6-1)
02-261-BIG-$20.90 (APR 11-1ST) (14-1), $11.20 (FEB 24-10TH (17-1), $09.50 (APR 12-4TH) (12-1)
03-173-BIG-$12.70 (JAN 24-1ST) (20-1), $08.60 (MAY 02-12TH) (15-1), $07.00 (JUN 23-4TH) (7-1)
04-168-BIG-55-1 (FEB 22-10TH), 42-1 (JUN 05-10TH), 41-1 (FEB 14-10TH), 39-1 (JUN 30-9TH)
04-426-W B P-BIG-57-1 (MAY 26-5TH), 49-1 (JUL 22-9TH), 43-1 (JUN 07-2ND), 41-1 (JUL 15-9TH)
S EX-146-BIG-$61.40 (JUL 08-9TH)
M EX-069-BIG-$116.60 (MAY 17-7TH)
S TRI-043-BIG-$87.35 (MAY 10-10TH)
M TRI-103-BIG-$166.95 (JUN 05-1ST)
S SUP-013-BIG-$246.65 (MAY 10-10TH)
M SUP-096-BIG-$2,393.10 (APR 10-8TH)
DD-1,2-15-BIG-$45.50 (FEB 14-2ND)
DD-2,3-25-BIG-$29.10 (FEB 01-3RD)
DD-3,4-17-BIG-$61.10 (JAN 20-4TH)
DD-4,5-09-BIG-$10.20 (APR 21-5TH)
DD-5,6-18-BIG-$29.40 (FEB 07-6TH)
DD-6,7-16-BIG-$75.10 (FEB 07-7TH)
DD-7,8-21-BIG-$62.80 (JUL 22-8TH)
DD-8,9-13-BIG-$28.40 (JUL 08-9TH)
DD-9,10-12-BIG-$60.10 (MAR 10-10TH)
DD-10,11-06-BIG-$25.60 (MAY 10-11TH)
DD-11,12-01-BIG-$08.10 (JUN 14-12TH)
DD-12,13-01-BIG-$03.80 (JUN 14-13TH)
P3 (1-3)-07-BIG-$23.50 (FEB 01-3RD)
P3 (2-4)-08-BIG-$32.00 (FEB 01-4TH)
P3 (3-5)-04-BIG-$09.45 (JUL 11-5TH)
P3 (4-6)-05-BIG-$12.15 (JUL 03-6TH)
P3 (5-7)-09-BIG-$41.90 (FEB 07-7TH)
P3 (6-8)-06-BIG-$68.50 (FEB 07-8TH)
P3 (7-9)-09-BIG-$33.30 (JUL 22-9TH)
P3 (8-10)-01-BIG-$07.10 (JUN 14-10TH)
P3 (9-11)-04-BIG-$30.10 (MAY 10-11TH)
P3 (10-12)-01-BIG-$03.45 (JUN 14-12TH)
P3 (11-13)-01-BIG-$06.65 (JUN 14-13TH)
P4 (3-6)-02-BIG-$20.20 (JUL 03-6TH)
P4 (4-7)-00-BIG-$
P4 (7-10)-01-BIG-$
P4 (8-11)-00-BIG-$
P4 (9-12)-00-BIG-$
P4 (10-13)-01-BIG-$05.65 (JUN 14-13TH)
P5 (1-5)-00-BIG-$
P5 (6-10)-00-BIG-$
P5 (9-13)-01-BIG-$11.50 (JUN 14-13TH)
P6 (4-9)-00-BIG-$
10TH -P5 (HF)-S-00-BIG-$
10TH -P5 (HF)-M-06-BIG-$1,660.20 (JAN 13-10TH)
11TH -P5 (HF)-S-00-BIG-$
11TH -P5 (HF)-M-02-BIG-$737.60 (JUL 15-11TH)
12TH -P5 (HF)-S-00-BIG-$
12TH -P5 (HF)-M-00-BIG-$
13TH -P5 (HF)-S-00-BIG-$
13TH -P5 (HF)-M-00-BIG-$
5-1+ LONG-(01)-445
5-1+ LONG TOT-(19)-1,687-26.4% 
PICK 4 PLACINGS-22-44
OA PICK 4 PLAC TOT-3,111-4,944-62.9%
TOTAL RACES-(11)-1,236
TOP 4 PICKS EACH RACE-01-03,02-02,03-03,04-02,05-02,06-02,07-02,08-01,09-02,10-01,11-02,12-00,13-00=22-44-OATOT 3,111-4,944-62.9%


(STANS PREDICTIONS)-RECORD AT MOHAWK 2025
01-325-BIG-$45.30 (APR 17-9TH) (21-1), $40.00 (APR 10-4TH) (19-1), $39.70 (FEB 03-1ST) (18-1)  
02-209-BIG-$31.40 (JUN 14-6TH) (42-1), $28.70 (JUN 14-2ND) (49-1), $27.90 (MAR 06-8TH) (44-1)
03-157-BIG-$14.90 (MAR 17-7TH) (22-1), $13.60 (APR 03-10TH) (34-1), $13.00 (MAY 31-6TH) (44-1)
04-161-BIG-118-1 (MAY 17-8TH), 105-1 (MAY 08-4TH), 63-1 (MAY 17-3RD), 56-1 (MAY 03-5TH)
04-474-W B P-BIG-93-1 (JAN 25-3RD), 84-1 (MAY 17-6TH), 73-1 (APR 05-6TH), 54-1 (APR 17-8TH)
S EX-074-BIG-$307.5 (JUL 14-11TH)
M EX-063-BIG-$94.90 (APR 19-6TH)
S TRI-017-BIG-$427.40 (FEB 14-2ND)
M TRI-067-BIG-$498.30 (MAR 22-8TH)
S SUP-004-BIG-$207.55 (MAY 03-5TH)
M SUP-062-BIG-$1,797.25 (JUN 30-4TH)
DD-1,2-11-BIG-$29.70 (MAR 21-2ND)
DD-2,3-12-BIG-$24.00 (FEB 24-3RD)
DD-3,4-08-BIG-$40.00 (JAN 09-4TH)
DD-4,5-05-BIG-$187.90 (JUN 12-5TH)
DD-5,6-05-BIG-$83.70 (JUN 12-6TH)
DD-6,7-09-BIG-$67.50 (MAR 07-7TH)
DD-7,8-09-BIG-$62.80 (JUL 22-8TH)
DD-8,9-07-BIG-$78.10 (APR 17-9TH)
DD-9,10-07-BIG-$79.30 (APR 12-10TH)
DD-10,11-05-BIG-$88.60 (MAY 26-11TH)
DD-11,12-00-BIG-$
DD-12,13-00-BIG-$
P3 (1-3)-02-BIG-$13.30 (APR 17-3RD)
P3 (2-4)-02-BIG-$12.75 (FEB 10-4TH)
P3 (3-5)-02-BIG-$14.60 (JAN 03-5TH)
P3 (4-6)-01-BIG-$344.90 (JUN 12-6TH)
P3 (5-7)-00-BIG-$
P3 (6-8)-01-BIG-$30.75 (JUL 22-8TH)
P3 (7-9)-02-BIG-$28.95 (JUL 11-9TH)
P3 (8-10)-01-BIG-$07.10 (JUN 14-10TH)
P3 (9-11)-01-BIG-$03.65 (JUN 14-11TH)
P3 (10-12)-00-BIG-$
P3 (11-13)-00-BIG-$
P4 (3-6)-00-BIG-$
P4 (4-7)-00-BIG-$
P4 (7-10)-00-BIG-$
P4 (8-11)-00-BIG-$
P5 (1-5)-00-BIG-$
P5 (6-10)-00-BIG-$
P6 (4-9)-00-BIG-$
10TH -P5 (HF)-S-00-BIG-$
10TH -P5 (HF)-M-04-BIG-$1,660.20 (JAN 13-10TH)
11TH -P5 (HF)-S-00-BIG-$
11TH -P5 (HF)-M-01-BIG-$323.15 (APR 14-11TH)
12TH -P5 (HF)-S-00-BIG-$
12TH -P5 (HF)-M-01-BIG-$100.05 (APR 21-12TH)
13TH -P5 (HF)-S-00-BIG-$
13TH -P5 (HF)-M-00-BIG-$
5-1+ LONG-(05)-573
5-1+ LONG TOT-(19)-1,687-34.029,746.00
%
PICK 4 PLACINGS-21-44
OA PICK 4 PLAC TOT-2,890-4,944-58.5%
TOTAL RACES-(11)-1,236
TOP 4 PICKS EACH RACE-01-01,02-03,03-03,04-01,05-02,06-01,07-02,08-02,09-03,10-01,11-02,12-00,13-00=21-44-OATOT 2,890-4,944-58.5% 

Thursday, July 24, 2025

MY MOHAWK RACEWAY PREDICTIONS 2025 RD 119 THU JUL 24, 2025

    MOHAWK STANDARDBREAD HARNESS RACEWAY 2025 - RESULTS AS OF THU JUL-24, 2025 - DAY-119

RACES 7 - 10 WERE CANCELLED DUE TO BAD WEATHER.

MOHAWK PICKS
01-3-5-8-9 4TH WBP (4-1)
02-7-5-6-3 W-4.90 - 4.90
03-4-3-6-5
04-4-9-5-0
05-3-4-10-8
06-5-4-6-7
07-9-6-8-3
08-6-4-5-0
09-6-8-2-7
10-4-8-7-5-10
MOHAWKS TONIGHTS TOTAL $4.90 OVERALL TOTAL $38,471.00

STANS PICKS
01-3-9-8-1-4 MEX-52.20 - 52.20
02-2-5-3-7-6 4TH WBP (7.5)
03-6-3-5-1-4 W-7.00, 4TH WBP (12-1) - 59.20
04-4-5-9-8-6 MEX-14.30 - 73.50
05-9-4-3-7-10 MEX-166.60 - 240.10
06-1-5-4-6-7 W-19.20, 4TH WBP (6.5) - 259.30 
07-9-8-3-10-6
08-6-2-7-8-5
09-6-8-2-4-5
10-4-6-9-10-7
HI-5 MONEY BEFORE TONIGHT = $146,516.05
STANS TONIGHTS TOTAL $259.30 OVERALL TOTAL $29,515.60

ACTUAL RACE RESULTS
01-9 (4-1)-3 (8.5)-6 (9-1)-5 (3-1)
02-7 (7.5)-6 (5-1)-2 (8-1)-1 (7-1) (3-REF-SCR BE)
03-6 (5.2)-4 (9.5)-1 (12-1)-7 (19-1)
04-5 (3.2)-4 (9.5)-6 (9-1)-1 (75-1) (7-SCR)
05-4 (15-1)-9 (8-1)-5 (1-1)-6 (9-1)
06-1 (8-1)-6 (6.5)-3 (10-1)-4 (7-1) RACES 7 - 10 WERE CANCELLED DUE TO BAD WEATHER.
07-0 ( )-0 ( )-0 ( )-0 ( )
08-0 ( )-0 ( )-0 ( )-0 ( ) (1-SCR)
09-0 ( )-0 ( )-0 ( )-0 ( )
10-0 ( )-0 ( )-0 ( )-0 ( )-0 ( ) (2-SCR)

MOHAWK PREDICTIONS)-RECORD 2025
01-453-BIG-$22.00 (FEB 21-6TH) (10-1), $17.50 (JUL 08-9TH) (7-1), $14.40 (JUL 22-7TH) (6-1)
02-259-BIG-$20.90 (APR 11-1ST) (14-1), $11.20 (FEB 24-10TH (17-1), $09.50 (APR 12-4TH) (12-1)
03-173-BIG-$12.70 (JAN 24-1ST) (20-1), $08.60 (MAY 02-12TH) (15-1), $07.00 (JUN 23-4TH) (7-1)
04-168-BIG-55-1 (FEB 22-10TH), 42-1 (JUN 05-10TH), 41-1 (FEB 14-10TH), 39-1 (JUN 30-9TH)
04-423-W B P-BIG-57-1 (MAY 26-5TH), 49-1 (JUL 22-9TH), 43-1 (JUN 07-2ND), 41-1 (JUL 15-9TH)
S EX-146-BIG-$61.40 (JUL 08-9TH)
M EX-069-BIG-$116.60 (MAY 17-7TH)
S TRI-043-BIG-$87.35 (MAY 10-10TH)
M TRI-103-BIG-$166.95 (JUN 05-1ST)
S SUP-013-BIG-$246.65 (MAY 10-10TH)
M SUP-096-BIG-$2,393.10 (APR 10-8TH)
DD-1,2-15-BIG-$45.50 (FEB 14-2ND)
DD-2,3-25-BIG-$29.10 (FEB 01-3RD)
DD-3,4-17-BIG-$61.10 (JAN 20-4TH)
DD-4,5-09-BIG-$10.20 (APR 21-5TH)
DD-5,6-18-BIG-$29.40 (FEB 07-6TH)
DD-6,7-16-BIG-$75.10 (FEB 07-7TH)
DD-7,8-20-BIG-$62.80 (JUL 22-8TH)
DD-8,9-13-BIG-$28.40 (JUL 08-9TH)
DD-9,10-12-BIG-$60.10 (MAR 10-10TH)
DD-10,11-06-BIG-$25.60 (MAY 10-11TH)
DD-11,12-01-BIG-$08.10 (JUN 14-12TH)
DD-12,13-01-BIG-$03.80 (JUN 14-13TH)
P3 (1-3)-07-BIG-$23.50 (FEB 01-3RD)
P3 (2-4)-08-BIG-$32.00 (FEB 01-4TH)
P3 (3-5)-04-BIG-$09.45 (JUL 11-5TH)
P3 (4-6)-05-BIG-$12.15 (JUL 03-6TH)
P3 (5-7)-09-BIG-$41.90 (FEB 07-7TH)
P3 (6-8)-06-BIG-$68.50 (FEB 07-8TH)
P3 (7-9)-09-BIG-$33.30 (JUL 22-9TH)
P3 (8-10)-01-BIG-$07.10 (JUN 14-10TH)
P3 (9-11)-04-BIG-$30.10 (MAY 10-11TH)
P3 (10-12)-01-BIG-$03.45 (JUN 14-12TH)
P3 (11-13)-01-BIG-$06.65 (JUN 14-13TH)
P4 (3-6)-02-BIG-$20.20 (JUL 03-6TH)
P4 (4-7)-00-BIG-$
P4 (7-10)-01-BIG-$
P4 (8-11)-00-BIG-$
P4 (9-12)-00-BIG-$
P4 (10-13)-01-BIG-$05.65 (JUN 14-13TH)
P5 (1-5)-00-BIG-$
P5 (6-10)-00-BIG-$
P5 (9-13)-01-BIG-$11.50 (JUN 14-13TH)
P6 (4-9)-00-BIG-$
10TH -P5 (HF)-S-00-BIG-$
10TH -P5 (HF)-M-06-BIG-$1,660.20 (JAN 13-10TH)
11TH -P5 (HF)-S-00-BIG-$
11TH -P5 (HF)-M-02-BIG-$737.60 (JUL 15-11TH)
12TH -P5 (HF)-S-00-BIG-$
12TH -P5 (HF)-M-00-BIG-$
13TH -P5 (HF)-S-00-BIG-$
13TH -P5 (HF)-M-00-BIG-$
5-1+ LONG-(02)-444
5-1+ LONG TOT-(09)-1,668-26.6% 
PICK 4 PLACINGS-12-24
OA PICK 4 PLAC TOT-3,089-4,900-63.0%
TOTAL RACES-(06)-1,225
TOP 4 PICKS EACH RACE-01-03,02-02,03-02,04-02,05-01,06-02,07-00,08-00,09-00,10-00,11-00,12-00,13-00=12-24-OATOT 3,089-4,900-63.0%


(STANS PREDICTIONS)-RECORD AT MOHAWK 2025
01-322-BIG-$45.30 (APR 17-9TH) (21-1), $40.00 (APR 10-4TH) (19-1), $39.70 (FEB 03-1ST) (18-1)  
02-207-BIG-$31.40 (JUN 14-6TH) (42-1), $28.70 (JUN 14-2ND) (49-1), $27.90 (MAR 06-8TH) (44-1)
03-155-BIG-$14.90 (MAR 17-7TH) (22-1), $13.60 (APR 03-10TH) (34-1), $13.00 (MAY 31-6TH) (44-1)
04-161-BIG-118-1 (MAY 17-8TH), 105-1 (MAY 08-4TH), 63-1 (MAY 17-3RD), 56-1 (MAY 03-5TH)
04-470-W B P-BIG-93-1 (JAN 25-3RD), 84-1 (MAY 17-6TH), 73-1 (APR 05-6TH), 54-1 (APR 17-8TH)
S EX-074-BIG-$307.5 (JUL 14-11TH)
M EX-062-BIG-$94.90 (APR 19-6TH)
S TRI-017-BIG-$427.40 (FEB 14-2ND)
M TRI-066-BIG-$498.30 (MAR 22-8TH)
S SUP-004-BIG-$207.55 (MAY 03-5TH)
M SUP-062-BIG-$1,797.25 (JUN 30-4TH)
DD-1,2-11-BIG-$29.70 (MAR 21-2ND)
DD-2,3-12-BIG-$24.00 (FEB 24-3RD)
DD-3,4-08-BIG-$40.00 (JAN 09-4TH)
DD-4,5-05-BIG-$187.90 (JUN 12-5TH)
DD-5,6-05-BIG-$83.70 (JUN 12-6TH)
DD-6,7-09-BIG-$67.50 (MAR 07-7TH)
DD-7,8-08-BIG-$62.80 (JUL 22-8TH)
DD-8,9-07-BIG-$78.10 (APR 17-9TH)
DD-9,10-07-BIG-$79.30 (APR 12-10TH)
DD-10,11-05-BIG-$88.60 (MAY 26-11TH)
DD-11,12-00-BIG-$
DD-12,13-00-BIG-$
P3 (1-3)-02-BIG-$13.30 (APR 17-3RD)
P3 (2-4)-02-BIG-$12.75 (FEB 10-4TH)
P3 (3-5)-02-BIG-$14.60 (JAN 03-5TH)
P3 (4-6)-01-BIG-$344.90 (JUN 12-6TH)
P3 (5-7)-00-BIG-$
P3 (6-8)-01-BIG-$30.75 (JUL 22-8TH)
P3 (7-9)-02-BIG-$28.95 (JUL 11-9TH)
P3 (8-10)-01-BIG-$07.10 (JUN 14-10TH)
P3 (9-11)-01-BIG-$03.65 (JUN 14-11TH)
P3 (10-12)-00-BIG-$
P3 (11-13)-00-BIG-$
P4 (3-6)-00-BIG-$
P4 (4-7)-00-BIG-$
P4 (7-10)-00-BIG-$
P4 (8-11)-00-BIG-$
P5 (1-5)-00-BIG-$
P5 (6-10)-00-BIG-$
P6 (4-9)-00-BIG-$
10TH -P5 (HF)-S-00-BIG-$
10TH -P5 (HF)-M-04-BIG-$1,660.20 (JAN 13-10TH)
11TH -P5 (HF)-S-00-BIG-$
11TH -P5 (HF)-M-01-BIG-$323.15 (APR 14-11TH)
12TH -P5 (HF)-S-00-BIG-$
12TH -P5 (HF)-M-01-BIG-$100.05 (APR 21-12TH)
13TH -P5 (HF)-S-00-BIG-$
13TH -P5 (HF)-M-00-BIG-$
5-1+ LONG-(04)-568
5-1+ LONG TOT-(09)-1,668-34.1%
PICK 4 PLACINGS-13-24
OA PICK 4 PLAC TOT-2,869-4,900-58.6%
TOTAL RACES-(06)-1,225
TOP 4 PICKS EACH RACE-01-02,02-02,03-02,04-02,05-02,06-03,07-00,08-00,09-00,10-00,11-00,12-00,13-00=13-24-OATOT 2,869-4,900-58.6%

Tuesday, July 22, 2025

THE SO CALLED MISSING INDIAN WOMEN AND GIRLS, THE INDIANS WANT BIG BUCKS FROM THE GOVERNMENT OF CANADA FOR.

JEWISH KING JESUS IS COMING AT THE RAPTURE FOR US IN THE CLOUDS-DON'T MISS IT FOR THE WORLD.THE BIBLE TAKEN LITERALLY- WHEN THE PLAIN SENSE MAKES GOOD SENSE-SEEK NO OTHER SENSE-LEST YOU END UP IN NONSENSE.GET SAVED NOW- CALL ON JESUS TODAY.THE ONLY SAVIOR OF THE WHOLE EARTH - NO OTHER. 1 COR 15:23-JESUS THE FIRST FRUITS-CHRISTIANS RAPTURED TO JESUS-FIRST FRUITS OF THE SPIRIT-23 But every man in his own order: Christ the firstfruits; afterward they that are Christ’s at his coming.ROMANS 8:23 And not only they, but ourselves also, which have the firstfruits of the Spirit, even we ourselves groan within ourselves, waiting for the adoption, to wit, the redemption of our body.(THE PRE-TRIB RAPTURE)

THE SO CALLED MISSING INDIAN WOMEN AND GIRLS, THE INDIANS WANT BIG BUCKS FROM THE GOVERNMENT OF CANADA FOR.

DEUTORONOMY 18:10-12
10 There shall not be found among you any one that maketh his son or his daughter to pass through the fire,(OCCULT SACRIFICES) or that useth divination,(NEW AGER AND CRYSTALS ETC) divination n. The art or act of foretelling future events or revealing occult knowledge by means of augury or an alleged supernatural agency.) or an observer of times,(Meaning of observer. ... for sketching it. horoscope - Comes from Greek hora, hour, time, and skopos, observer.) or an enchanter,(The word enchant is derived from the Latin word incantare which refers to uttering an incantation or casting a spell). or a witch,(WITCH. Definition: [noun] a female sorcerer (SORCERY IN THE BIBLE IS DRUGS OR OCCULT ACTIVITY) or magician.)
11 Or a charmer,(charmer means a dealer in spells, especially one who, by binding certain knots, was supposed thereby to bind a curse or a blessing on its object.) or a consulter with familiar spirits,(function as mediums or psychics) or a wizard,(MALE WITCH)-influence; a magical spell WITH WANDS) or a necromancer.(one seeking unto the dead.)
12 For all that do these things are an abomination unto the LORD: and because of these abominations the LORD thy God doth drive them out from before thee.

REVELATION 9:20-21
20 And the rest of the men which were not killed by these plagues (NUKES) yet repented not of the works of their hands, that they should not worship devils,(OCCULT) and idols of gold, and silver, and brass, and stone, and of wood: which neither can see, nor hear, nor walk:
21 Neither repented they of their murders, nor of their sorceries,(DRUG ADDICTIONS OR SELLING DRUGS) nor of their fornication,(SEX OUTSIDE OF MARRIAGE)(PROSTITUTION FOR MONEY) nor of their thefts.(STEALING)

YOU ALWAYS HERE THE PIECE PIPE SMOKIN, DRUG ADDICTED, ALCOHOLIC, PROSTITUTES, TREE AND ANIMAL WORSHIPPING INDIANS ON THESE CANADIAN RESERVES COMPLAINING HOW MANY INDIAN WOMEN AND GIRLS ARE MURDERED AND MISSING. WELL LETS GET TO REALITY HERE. HOW MANY OF THESE SO CALL MURDERED AND MISSING INDIANS WERE DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTED PROSTITUTES. THEN THEY WENT MISSING OR GOT MURDERED BY THEIR JOHNS. JUST LIKE THE BIBLE VERSES ABOVE. WHAT THESE PEOPLE ADDICTED TO DRUGS WILL DO. MURDER PEOPLE, STEAL, PROSTITUTE THEMSELVES. AND INDIANS WORSHIP IDOLS OF TREES, WATER AND THE ENVIROMENT. GOD WARNED THESE IDOL WORSHIPPERS WHAT WOULD HAPPEN IF THEY WORSHIP IDOLS. THEY WOULD NOT REPENT OF THEIR DEMON WORSHIP. MURDER, PROSTITUTION OR STEALING. SO I WOULD JUST LOVE TO KNOW HOW MANY OF THESE SO CALLED MISSING AND MURDERED INDIAN WOMEN  AND GIRLS. AND NOTICE GOD IS DESTROYING ONE GOD ON INDIAN RESERVES ALREADY IN CANADA. THE IDOL WORSHIP OF TREES. HOW MANY TREES ARE BEING BURNT TO THE GROUND BY WILDFIRES. AND IT JUST HAPPENS TO BE MOSTLY ON INDIAN RESERVES. THEN GOD VOMITS THE INDIANS FROM THE LAND FOR THIS ENVIROMENTAL WORSHIP. AND I COULD CARE HOW THE LIBERALS, DEMOCRATS OR INDIANS COME AGAINST ME FOR REAVEALING THIS TRUTH. GOD WARNED US WHAT WOULD HAPPEN TO THESE IDOL WORSHIPPERS INSTEAD OF HIM. SO LETS GET A DOSE OF REALITY HERE.I GO BY WHAT THE BIBLE SAYS. WHICH IS THE ONLY TRUTH. NOT BY USELESS WORDS AND THOUGHTS AND BELIEFS WHEN IT COMES TO SIN. THERES MORE THEN JUST ONE SIDE (INDIANS) OF THIS FACT OF WHY THESE WOMEN AND GIRLS INDIANS GO MISSING. AND FORGET THIS POLITICALLY CORRECT NONESENSE THEIR INDIGENOUS. THEY WERE INDIANS 1,000 YRS AGO. 10 YEARS AGO. AND THEIR STILL INDIANS TODAY.

I GOT A BRIEF STORY OF MY INCOUNTER OF TRYING TO HELP A DOPE OR ALCOHOL OR BOTH ADDICTION INDIAN WOMEN. WHEN I LIVED IN KITCHENER IN 1988.I LIVED THERE FROM 1980-1994. IN A SMALL APARTMENT ACROSS FROM MARKET SQUARE. THIS ADDICTED INDIAN WOMEN WOULD SLEEP IN OUR HALLWAY. I SEEN HER A TIME OR TWO. SO I DECIDED WHEN I SEEN HER IN MY HALLWAY. I WOULD INVITE HER IN TO SLEEP ON MY COUCH INSTEAD OF THE HALLWAY. SO I TOLD HER TO COME ON IN. FILTHY AND DIRTY I SAID WOULD YOU LIKE A COFFEE. SHE SAID SHE WANTED TO USE MY WASHROOM. I SAID OK. A HALF HOUR LATER SHE CAME OUT. AND I ASKED HER IF SHE WAS OK. SHE SAID YES. AND I WENT TO MY COT. AND I TOLD HER SHE CAN SLEEP ON MY COUCH. THEN WHEN SHE WOKE UP IN THE MORNING. SHE SAID SHES LEAVING NOW. I SAID BYE. AND I NEVER EVER SEEN HER AGAIN AFTER THAT. BUT WHEN I WENT TO MY WASHROOM TO HAVE A RELIEF. I NOTICED MY LYSOL SPRAY CAN WAS IN THE GARBAGE. I SAID TO MYSELF. WHY WOULD THAT BE IN THE GARBAGE. I NEVER PUT IT THERE. SO I PICKED THE CAN UP WHICH WAS A FULL CAN OF LYSOL I JUST BOUGHT IT TO CLEAN WITH. AND I NOTICED THE BOTTOM WAS CUT OUT OF THE CAN. AND THERE WAS NO LYSOL IN THE CAN AT ALL. THEN IT FINALLY CAME TO ME. THAT INDIAN WOMEN SOME HOW GOT MY LYSOL CAN OPENED. AND DRANK ALL MY LYSOL. I SAID WHAT THE HECK WAS SHE ADDICTED TO. IT HAD TO BE ALCOHOL FOR SURE. BECAUSE OF THE ALCOHOL IN THE LYSOL CAN. SO I KNEW WHY AND WHAT SHE WAS DOING IN MY WASHROOM FOR A HALF HOUR THE NIGHT BEFORE.SO DON:T TELL ME THESE MISSING INDIAN WOMEN AND GIRLS WERE KILLED BY JOHNS. HOW MANY WERE DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTED. AND DIED SOMEWHERE FROM THAT ADDICTION. AND SOMEBODY JUST BURIED THEM SOME WHERE.IS MY QUESTION. AND I DO NOT NEED AN INQUIRY TO WASTE MILLIONS OF DOLLARS TO GET THAT QUESTION ANSWERED FOR ME. AFTER THAT EXPIERENCE I HAD FOR BEING NICE TO AN ALCOHOL ADDICTED INDIAN WOMAN. BY DRINKING MY CAN OOF LYSOL FOR THE ALCOHOL IN IT. 

AND ALSO IN ON JAN 01,1991.A BLOCK FROM MY FINAL PLACE I LIVED WITH MY EX WENDY, A COUPLE MONTHS BEFORE WE SPLIT UP. THERE WAS A HOMOSEXUAL SLAUGHTER OF A GAY MAN AND HIS WIFE. THERE NAMES WERE JOSEF AND PERSA GLIGOR. THEY WERE HACKED TO DEATH WITH AN AXE AND HATCHET. THEN WHEN IN 2004 I MOVED TO HANOVER ONTARIO. I DECIDED TO PHONE KITCHENER POLICE TO SEE IF THE GLIGOR MURDERS WERE EVER SOLVED. THEY TOLD ME NO. BUT THEN CAME BACK WITH. WE WOULD LIKE TO INTERVIEW YOU. WE WILL COME DOWN FROM KITCHENER TO HANOVER TOMORROW TO TALK WITH YOU. I SAID OK WITH ME. THEN THE NEXT DAY AROUND 11AM. THEY MUST OF TOLD ME WHAT TIME THEY WOULD BE THERE. BECAUSE I REMEMBER LOOKING OUT MY WINDOW. AND SEEN THE POLICE CAR THERE. SO I WENT OUTSIDE AND GOT IN THE BACK SEAT OF THE CRUISER. THEY ASKED ME QUESTIONS ABOUT THE MURDERS. AND I ANSWERED ALL THE QUESTIONS. THEN AFTER ABOUT A HALF HOUR OF QUESTIONS. THE POLICE MEN 2 THAT WERE ASKING ME QUESTIONS. SAID IF YOUR NOT INVOLVED IN THIS CASE. YOU WILL GIVE US A SWAB OF YOUR DNA. I TOLD THEM. NO PROBLEM AT ALL. ALL I WANTED TO KNOW IS IF THE CASE WAS EVER SOLVED. THEY GOT A SWAB OUT. SWABED MY MOUTH. PUT IT BACK IN THE LITTLE PLASTIC THING SO IT WOULD NOT GET CONTAMINATED. AND THEY SAID THANK YOU FOR THE INTERVIEW. WE WILL GET BACK TO YOU IF YOU WERE INVOLVED. I GOT OUTTA THE POLICE CAR. THEY LEFT AND I WENT BACK UP TO MY ROOM. THAT WAS 2004. AND I NEVER HEARD FROM THEM AGAIN. BUT IN 2011 OR 12. I GOT CURIOUS ABOUT IF IT WAS EVER SOLVED. BY THEN I HAD AN OLD COMPUTER WITH THE INTERNET. SO I COULD CHECK IF IT WAS EVER SOLVED. AS IT TURNED OUT IN 1993.TWO YEARS AFTER THE SLAUGHTER. THERE WAS A APARTMENT FIRE RIGHT ACROSS FROM ME AS ME AND MY EX SPLIT 2 YEARS EARLIER BUT I STILL LIVED IN AN APARTMENT BESIDE THE HOUSE WE LIVED TOGETHER IN. SO I WAS STILL THERE. SHE MOVED TO COURTLAND AVE 2 YEARS BEFORE. SO I WAS WATCHING THE FIRE ACROSS THE ROAD FROM MY APARTMENT. AS THE FIREMEN PUT IT OUT. AS IT TURNED OUT THE PERSON WHO MURDERED THE GLIGORS LIVED THERE AND DIED IN THE FIRE. BUT THE POLICE NEVER GOT THE DNA OF THE KILLER FROM THE SCENE TILL 2007. WHEN IT WAS FINALLY SOLVED.3 YEARS AFTER I PHONED THE KITCHENER POLICE.SO LITTLE DID I KNOW WHILE WATCHING THAT FIRE ACROSS FROM MY APARTMENT. THE MURDEROUS SLAUGHTERER FOR 2 YEARS WAS LIVING RIGHT ACROSS THE ROAD FROM ME. BUT WAS BURNT TO DEATH IN THAT FIRE. THATS NOT THE ONLY FIRE HES BURNING IN NOW WITH HIS NEVER DYING BODY. FOREVER THIS MURDERER WILL BE LIVING IN THE LAKE OF FIRE FOREVER NEVER ENDING. WHEN I LIVED IN THAT APARTMENT I HAD THE INDIAN EXPIERNCE WITH. I WOULD GO ACROSS THE STREET TO THE MARKET SQUARE. AND GET A COFFE ON THE SECOND FLOOR. WERE THE COFFEE STORE WAS. AND THERE WAS TABLES YOU COULD SIT AT WHILE DRINKING YOUR COFFEE. WELL MANY A TIME JOSEF GLIGOR WOULD COME UP TO ME. AND ASK ME IF I WOULD LIKE TO COME TO HIS HOME TO HAVE SEX. I ALWAYS SAID NO IAM NOT A HOMOSEXUAL. I HAVE A GIRL FRIEND. AND I'M NOT INTERESTED. SO HE WOULD CARRY ON WITH THAT REALLY CURLY HAIR OF HIS. RED VERY CURLY HAIR. SO I SUSPECTED RIGHT OFF WHEN IN 1991 WHEN HE AND HIS WIFE WERE SLAUGHTERED. THAT HE PROBABLY WAS AT MARKET SQUARE ASKING GUYS TO COME HOME WITH HIM. WHEN JAMES HAROLD MIDDELJANS 33 WAS PROBABLY HAVING A COFFEE AT MARKET SQUARE. WHEN JOSEF CAME UP TO HIM AND ASKED HIM IF HE WOULD GO TO HIS HOUSE. HE ACCEPTED. HE PROBABLY SAID TO HIMSELF. WHAT A PERFECT OPPORTUNITY TO ROB THIS GUY. HE WENT BACK TO HIS HOME WITH HIM. JOSEF AND HIM WENT DOWN STAIRS. JOSEF THINKING HE WAS GOING TO HAVE SEX WITH HIM. BUT SOMETHING HAPPENED DOWN THERE. WERE MIDDELJANS DECIDED HE HAD TO KILL THIS GUY, HIS WIFE. THEN STEAL STUFF. BUT THIS IS JUST MY TAKE BY HOW JOSEF GLIGOR ALWAYS CAME UP TO ME. AND ASKED IF I WANTED TO GO TO HIS HOUSE BTO HAVE HOMOSEXUAL SEX.

Josef Gligor Gender Male Crime Kitchener, Waterloo Region, Ontario, Canada Find all individuals with events at this location  [1] murdered 
Persa and Josef Gligor of Kitchener were killed with an axe and hatchet at their Madison Avenue North home.Eby ID Number Waterloo-125490 Died     1 Jan 1991 - Kitchener Daily Record Newspaper, Kitchener, , Ontario, Canada Find all individuals with events at this location  [1] 
Cause: murdered Person ID  I125490  Family     Persa,   d. 1 Jan 1991 Sources-[S490] News - ON, Waterloo, Kitchener - The Record (1994-March 2008), Investigator 'solves' murder. 

1991, January 2 (Wednesday) * Gligor Murders (Kitchener)

On p.A1 of The Record (Kitchener-Waterloo, Ontario), 2007, April 21, there was an article by Melinda Dalton, Record Staff entitled “DNA and a tip crack brutal 1991 slaying of couple” reviewing how the Gligor murder case had finally been solved. Information from that article follows. The reporter noted that on 1991, January 2, Josef Gligor (61) and his wife Persa Gligor (60) had been found brutally murdered in their Madison Avenue home in Kitchener. “In 1991, police said Josef Gligor, an employee of J. M. Schneider Inc.,was known to seek out transient homosexual encounters in downtown Kitchener, and they believed his behaviour may have put him risk.” Insp. Bryan Larkin indicated in the 2007 interview with the reporter that in the early days, there had been much public and police speculation that Gligor's homosexual behaviour had been a factor in the murders. The article also indicated that “A psychological profile of the suspect released by police shortly after the killings suggested he was a psychopathic killer linked to the gay community. Police said Joseph Gligor likely knew his killer and invited him into the house. Yesterday, those claims were laid to rest as police revealed they no longer believed the Gligors knew their killer and that the likely motive was robbery.” The report said that a tip, along with DNA evidence, allowed the police to prove conclusively on 2007, April 20 that the murderer had been James Harold Middeljans (33), who had a lengthy criminal record, and who had perished in a fire two years after the murder. After 16 years, all the speculation about a link between the murders and the local gay community was finally put to rest.[source: The Record (Kitchener-Waterloo, Ontario), 2007, April 21, p.A1.]

Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls in Canada Article by Jennifer Brant-Published Online March 22, 2017-Last Edited July 8, 2020

The Missing and Murdered: Statistics and Demographics-There is a lot of disagreement about the number of missing and murdered Indigenous women and girls in Canada. The Royal Canadian Mounted Police    (RCMP) acknowledged in a 2014 report that there have been more than 1,200 missing and murdered Indigenous women between 1980 and 2012. Indigenous women’s groups, however, document the number of missing and murdered to be over 4,000. The confusion about the numbers has to do with the under-reporting of violence against Indigenous women and girls and the lack of an effective database, as well as the failure to identify such cases by ethnicity (See Indigenous Women’s Issues).The Native Women’s Association of Canada (NWAC) has drawn attention to figures from Statistics Canada documenting high rates of violence against Indigenous women. For example, Indigenous women 15 years and older were 3.5 times more likely to experience violence than non-Indigenous women, according to the 2004 General Social Survey. Violence against Indigenous women and girls is not only more frequent but also more severe. Between 1997 and 2000, the homicide rate for Indigenous women was nearly seven times higher than the rate for non-Indigenous women.The demographics give a sense of the extent of the violence that Indigenous women and girls face across this country, but they fail to tell the stories of the deep trauma that this violence has on entire communities or the stories of children who have lost their mothers to senseless violence. The statistics cannot reflect the experiences of the families and communities who have lost a loved one. The missing and murdered Indigenous women and girls were mothers, daughters, sisters, aunties, cousins and grandmothers. Many were students completing post-secondary education, such as Loretta Saunders, an Inuk woman murdered at age 26 in 2014, who was completing her honours thesis on this very issue at the time she went missing. Some were only children, such as 14-year-old Azraya Acakabee Kokopenace and 15-year-old Tina Fontaine — who were both in the child welfare system at the time — or 16-year-old Delaine Copenace. This ongoing tragedy affects all Indigenous women and girls from all walks of life and throughout many communities and cities across Canada. Although some perpetrators are known to the victim, many are strangers.Historical Context: Colonialism, Racism and the Sexualization of Women-Nick Printup, director and producer of the documentary Our Sisters in Spirit (2015), stated in a 2016 interview that “to begin to understand the severity of the tragedy facing Indigenous    women today you must first understand the history.” The issue of missing and murdered Indigenous women and girls in Canada is as old as the development of Canada itself and must be understood within the historical context of settler colonialism that has led to the ongoing racialization and sexualization of Indigenous women. Historically, Indigenous women were sexualized and held against dangerous cultural attitudes and stereotypes that permeate many facets of Canadian society today.The late Mohawk poet Tekahionwake (E. Pauline Johnson) wrote about these stereotypes 125 years ago. In an essay entitled “A Strong Race Opinion: On The Indian Girl in Modern Fiction,” which was originally published in the Toronto Sunday Globe on 22 May 1892, Johnson spoke out about the images of the “Indian    squaw” that were presented in mainstream literature. Similarly, in her book, Iskwewak — Kah’Ki Yaw Ni Wahkomakanak: Neither Indian Princesses nor Easy Squaws (1995), author Janice Acoose also drew attention to the racialized and sexualized legacy of settler colonialism that has led to an acceptance of violence. As Acoose noted, these colonial attitudes have justified many of the legally sanctioned policies that have targeted Indigenous women and families, such as the Indian Act and residential schools. Other examples include the pass system (a process by which Indian agents approved passes for First Nations people to leave the reserve for whatever reason) and forced sterilization (see Eugenics). These policies severely limited Indigenous women’s livelihood by severing community ties and preventing Indigenous women’s access to community resources and safety networks. Colonial attitudes also justified the mass removal of Indigenous children through policies of state apprehension, such as the Sixties Scoop, and this continues today in what is now referred to as the “Millennium Scoop.” Violence against Indigenous women and girls in Canada today cannot be understood without first examining the effects of Canada’s deep history of settler colonialism on Indigenous families and communities.Amnesty International: A Call to Action-In October 2004, Amnesty International released a report called Stolen Sisters: A Human Rights Response to Discrimination and Violence against Indigenous Women in Canada, in response to the appalling number of Indigenous women who are victims of racialized and sexualized violence. This report was positioned as a call for action. Amnesty highlighted the stories of nine women, including Helen Betty Osborne (a Cree woman abducted and killed at the age of 19 by four white men in The Pas, Manitoba, in 1971) and her 16-year-old cousin Felicia Solomon, whose remains were found in the Red River in 2003. Amnesty shared some stories of the missing and murdered to bring clarity to the severity of the violence faced by Indigenous women. The report also noted a lack of comprehensive reporting and statistical analysis, and called for more police accountability, stating that Indigenous women are both overpoliced and under protected. Amnesty documented the social and economic marginalization of Indigenous women, noting that racism, poverty and marginalization, along with a lack of police protection, heighten Indigenous women’s vulnerability to violence.Tragically, since 2004, the numbers have continued to rise. Five years after the initial report, Amnesty International released No More Stolen Sisters: The Need for a Comprehensive Response to Discrimination and Violence against Indigenous Women in Canada. This report highlighted the following five key issues as reasons for the continued national tragedy of violence against Indigenous women:
The role of racism and misogyny in perpetuating violence against Indigenous women
Sharp disparities in the fulfilment of Indigenous women’s economic, social, political and cultural rights
The continued disruption of Indigenous societies caused by the historic and ongoing mass removal of children from Indigenous families and communities
Disproportionately high numbers of Indigenous women in Canadian prisons, many of whom are themselves the victims of violence and abuse
Inadequate police response to violence against Indigenous women as illustrated by the handling of missing persons cases-
In 2014, Amnesty presented a report to the Special Parliamentary Committee on Violence Against Indigenous Women entitled Violence against Indigenous Women and Girls in Canada: A Summary of Amnesty International’s Concerns and Call to Action. This submission urged the federal government of Canada to take immediate action through a comprehensive approach to addressing violence against Indigenous women and girls in Canada.Amnesty International has been instrumental in the push to launch a national public inquiry alongside Indigenous communities, women’s groups and grassroots movements.Native Women’s Association of Canada: Sisters in Spirit Initiative-The Native Women’s Association of Canada (NWAC) secured funds in 2005 from Status of Women Canada to research and provide awareness about violence against Indigenous women. With this funding, the Sisters in Spirit Initiative was launched. NWAC also developed a national database to track cases of violence against Indigenous women. Their work culminated in a final report entitled What Their Stories Tell Us: Research Findings from the Sisters in Spirit Initiative.The report includes a framework for addressing and preventing violence against Indigenous women along with the stories of missing Indigenous women and recommendations for policy development. NWAC’s prevention and safety policy includes tools for educating young Indigenous women and girls on safety issues and looks at risk factors that make Indigenous women vulnerable to violence, including poverty, homelessness and lack of affordable housing (See also Social Conditions of Indigenous Peoples and Economic Conditions of Indigenous Peoples).The need for police accountability and transparency, cultural sensitivity training and forming good relationships with Indigenous communities are other key areas highlighted in the report. NWAC also expressed a need for more research and awareness about various forms of violence, particularly violence perpetrated by strangers or acquaintances. The need for improvements in tracking and identifying cases of missing and murdered Indigenous women was another key area identified in the report. NWAC articulated that the violence experienced by Indigenous women is much higher than reported in government statistics and police-collected data. The report noted that about six out of ten incidents of violent crimes against Indigenous people go unreported and that demographic information is not always collected (See also Demography of Indigenous Peoples).The Legal Strategy Coalition on Violence Against Indigenous Women-The Legal Strategy Coalition on Violence Against Indigenous Women (LSC) was formed in 2014 following the murder of Inuk student Loretta Saunders. The coalition is a Canada-wide advocacy group that supports a national inquiry and seeks to bring justice to the families of missing and murdered Indigenous women. In February 2015, the LSC released a report in which it argued that over 700 recommendations made in 58 reports on missing and murdered Indigenous women and girls have been largely ignored by police and government.RCMP Reports on Violence against Indigenous Women-In 2013, the commissioner of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) called for a report on missing and murdered Indigenous women to help guide operational planning. In May 2014, the RCMP released Missing and Murdered Aboriginal Women: A National Operational Overview. This report documented a total of 1,181 people — 164 missing Indigenous women and 1,017 Indigenous female homicide victims between 1980 and 2012. An updated report was released in 2015, entitled Missing and Murdered Aboriginal Women: 2015 Update to the National Operational Overview. This update documented an additional 11 Indigenous women identified as missing since the 2014 overview was conducted.Prior to these reports, the RCMP’s investigations of missing and murdered Indigenous women and girls had included a stretch of British Columbia’s Highway 16, known as the Highway of Tears. While the RCMP acknowledges 18 murders and disappearances (mostly of Indigenous women and girls) in its list of Highway of Tears cases, dating from 1969 to 2006, Indigenous groups argue that this number is misleading because it reflects only the disappearances and murders that have happened in a specific geographic area, and that the real number in northern British Columbia exceeds 40.Critique of RCMP Reports-Groups including Amnesty International and the Legal Strategy Coalition on Violence against Indigenous Women (LSC) critiqued the RCMP report for having critical gaps in the data. Amnesty noted that the 2015 update only included cases within the RCMP’s own jurisdiction. Over 300 non-RCMP police agencies were included in the original 2014 report, but these were excluded from the update. According to Amnesty International, this means that missing and murdered Indigenous women and girls in Ontario and Québec, for example, were not included in the update. This is concerning given the mistrust and violence that has historically characterized Indigenous-police relationships. In the fall of 2015, eight officers from the Sûreté du Québec were suspended as a result of 14 allegations of abuse of power, sexual assault and other forms of assault against Indigenous women.The LSC criticized the 2015 report for highlighting intimate partner violence as a risk factor, which places blame on Indigenous men and communities while failing to point out that many of the perpetrators are acquaintances or strangers.Response from the Federal Government-Despite the ongoing push from Indigenous women and communities and human rights groups such as Amnesty International, the Canadian Feminist Alliance for International Action, Human Rights Watch and the UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, the federal government continued to dismiss the need to launch a national public inquiry. In fact, former prime minister    Stephen Harper, speaking at Yukon College in Whitehorse in August 2014, following the death of 15-year-old Tina Fontaine — who was killed after she left her foster home — stated that violence against Indigenous women and girls in Canada should not be viewed as “sociological phenomenon.” In other words, the Fontaine case was not part of a larger crisis resulting from a variety of racial, sexual and colonial abuses or socio-economic issues. Several months later, on 17 December 2014, during an interview with CBC chief correspondent Peter Mansbridge, Stephen Harper stated that a national inquiry on missing and murdered Indigenous women wasn’t “really high on [the government’s] radar.”Following the change in government in 2015, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and the government of Canada launched a national public inquiry.National Public Inquiry-On 8 December 2015, the Government of Canada announced plans for the launch of an independent national inquiry into missing and murdered Indigenous women and girls. The government pledged $53.86 million over the course of two years for the inquiry, and held a “pre-inquiry” to seek input from stakeholders across Canada. The inquiry was officially launched in September 2016. From the outset, the commission of inquiry was scheduled to provide a final report by 1 November 2018, outlining its findings and recommendations for steps forward.Pre-Inquiry Findings-The first step of the investigation was a pre-inquiry process, which took place between December 2015 and February 2016. The goal was to receive input from groups including family members, Indigenous communities and front-line workers about the scope and structure of the inquiry. This process aligns with the inquiry’s commitment to focus on the well-being of Indigenous families and to ensure the process is culturally appropriate. A summary of the feedback from the pre-inquiry process was published in May 2016. It included four recommendations:
The inquiry’s leadership must be transparent, independent and representative of the Indigenous population. It was also recommended that Indigenous women should lead the inquiry. The investigation itself must be “sensitive to the needs of survivors, families and loved ones. Efforts must be made to avoid a long, drawn-out and legal process”
The inquiry must address various points of view and must hear from as many people and organizations as possible
A “broad approach to [the inquiry’s] analysis of the issues” is important. The inquiry must take into consideration — and recommend solutions to — all of the socio-economic, cultural and political causes of violence against Indigenous women, girls, trans and two-spirited people. (See also Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Rights in Canada)
The inquiry must provide various forms of support to families and their allies. This includes ceremonies, spiritual support, mental health counselling and community support
Based on these findings, the government appointed five commissioners to lead the inquiry: Marion Buller (chief commissioner, member of the Mistawasis First Nation and first Indigenous woman appointed to British Columbia’s provincial court bench); Michèle Audette (former president of the Native Women’s Association of Canada); Brian Eyolfson (human rights lawyer); Marilyn Poitras (constitutional law expert); and Qajaq Robinson (lawyer raised in Nunavut). The inquiry also includes other staff and will likely not hear formal testimony from the families until spring 2017. Marilyn Poitras resigned as a commissioner in July 2017, stating that she is "unable to perform [her] duties as a commissioner with the process designed in its current structure.”National Inquiry Findings-The National Inquiry officially began on 1 September 2016. It was expected to release an interim report by 1 November 2017 and a final report by 1 November 2018.Criticisms of the Inquiry-There have been some critiques of the commission from various Indigenous groups, who say it lacks transparency, communication and inclusivity. In December 2016, the Native Women’s Association of Canada    stated that the commission failed to keep families informed of its progress. In February 2017, the inquiry fired its communications director, Michael Hutchinson (of the Aboriginal Peoples Television Network), causing concern that the hearing of testimony might be further delayed. While Hutchinson’s interim replacement, Sue Montgomery (of the Montreal Gazette) has said that this would not delay the inquiry, the families of the missing and murdered continued to press the commissioners for more clarity and better communication.Some activists have also criticized the commission for failing to include missing and murdered Indigenous men, boys, trans and two-spirited people in the inquiry. In February 2017, Susan Vella, the commission’s lead counsel, said that while the inquiry is open to hearing testimony from Indigenous men and boys, its focus will remain on Indigenous women and girls. The commission also indicated that its inquiry will include groups such as two-spirited and trans people.Prevailing Attitudes toward Indigenous Women-During an opening address at an international conference on MMIWG, writer Maria Campbell stated that “patriarchy and misogyny are so ingrained in our society that they are normal, and our silence makes them normal.” Other Indigenous    women activists have referred to the lack of awareness about missing and murdered Indigenous women as a “deafening silence.” The following examples demonstrate the ways stereotypes that may lead to violence against Indigenous women and girls are perpetuated and accepted within different venues throughout society. In the two cases below, Indigenous women spoke out to raise awareness about such violence.In 2012, Mi’kmaq lawyer, activist and professor Pamela Palmater spoke out against offensive names of menu items at the Holy Chuck Restaurant. The “Half-Breed” and “Dirty Drunken Half-Breed” were the names of two hamburgers on the menu. These terms are racial slurs that have been used to perpetuate violence against Indigenous peoples.In July 2015, two paintings appeared on a storefront window — including one depicting bound and gagged Indigenous women — during the Hospitality Days cultural festival in Bathurst, New Brunswick. Patty Musgrave, Aboriginal advisor for New Brunswick Community College, wrote to city council, expressing her outrage at the painting, which trivialized, and perhaps even glorified, violence against Indigenous women and the history of colonialism. Musgrave stated that “the building that housed these art pieces was a building in which two human beings were murdered. One a woman. These murders were never solved and … it is quite offensive that you would allow paintings to be hung in the windows of this building while still-grieving families must see this as part of your ‘Hospitality Days.’”Activists and the families of missing and murdered Indigenous women continue to persevere against these prevailing attitudes, seeking justice, accountability, reconciliation and better public education (See also Indigenous Peoples: Political Organization and Activism).Support and Awareness-In recent years, with the launch of the national public inquiry and more awareness about MMIWG, there has been a tremendous amount of support for Indigenous families and communities. Indigenous associations have provided political, emotional and legal support and have also been instrumental in pushing for an inquiry. Annual marches, vigils, the making of documentaries, and other awareness campaigns have brought people together with a common goal of seeking justice. The annual Women’s Memorial March, also called Their Spirits Live Within Us, has taken place every 14 February since the early 1990s. The first one was held in Vancouver’s Downtown Eastside, in unceded Coast Salish territories (see Indigenous Territory). The Memorial March now takes place in cities across Canada to raise awareness, promote empathy and compassion, and bring healing to families that have lost a loved one.In 2017, the Government of Manitoba officially recognized 4 October as a day to honour MMIWG. The fourth of October is also marked by Sisters in Spirit vigils that bring awareness and honour the families of missing and murdered Indigenous women and girls. Events that take place on this day are supported through the Native Women’s Association of Canada (NWAC) and take place in cities across Canada. Other grassroots initiatives to raise awareness include the Walking with Our Sisters Campaign and the REDress Campaign (two separate art installation projects) and the Faceless Dolls Project (an initiative of the NWAC).Support has also come from non-Indigenous allies who have participated in vigils and awareness campaigns, as well as mainstream media, which has begun documenting and providing public education about violence against Indigenous women and girls, such as the CBC. In June 2016, it was announced that actress Zoe Saldana (Avatar, Guardians of the Galaxy) was working on a documentary called “Gone Missing” to help raise awareness about MMIWG.The National Inquiry’s Final Report-On 3 June 2019, the National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls released its Final Report titled Reclaiming Power and Place. After more than two years of testimony from Indigenous Knowledge Keepers, experts, and 1,484 survivors and family members of the missing and murdered, in addition to cross-Canada public hearings and evidence-gathering from many Indigenous and non-Indigenous groups and individuals, the Final Report was unveiled at the Canadian Museum of History in Gatineau, Quebec. Chief Commissioner Marion Buller, Commissioners Michèle Audette, Qajaq Robinson, and Brian Eyolfson, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, family and friends of the missing and murdered, as well as national and provincial Indigenous leaders gathered to release the findings of the National Inquiry to the public.The two-volume report spanned more than 1,000 pages and contained 231 individual “Calls for Justice.” These were “legal imperatives,” not merely “recommendations,” to immediate action on behalf of Indigenous and non-Indigenous governments, institutions, social service providers, industries, and individual Canadians of all walks of life. Chief Commissioner Marion Buller declared that “Despite their different circumstances and backgrounds, all of the missing and murdered are connected by economic, social and political marginalization, racism, and misogyny woven into the fabric of Canadian society.”In unequivocal terms, Buller condemned Canadian society for its indifference and inaction in the face of the tragedy confronting Indigenous women and girls for the past several decades: “The hard truth is that we live in a country whose laws and institutions perpetuate violations of fundamental rights, amounting to a genocide against Indigenous women, girls and 2SLGBTQQIA [two-spirit, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, questioning, intersex and asexual] people.”The Final Report declared that the violence against Indigenous women, girls, and 2SLGBTQQIA people is “a national tragedy of epic proportion.” The commissioners called for a new era in relations between Indigenous women, girls, 2SLGBTQQIA, and the Canadian people, a relationship centred on the empowerment of Indigenous women and girls: “To put an end to this tragedy, the rightful power and place of women, girls and 2SLGBTQQIA people must be reinstated, which requires dismantling the structures of colonialism within Canadian society.”Despite hundreds of pages of heartbreaking testimonials and studies revealing thousands of lives lost and families destroyed, Commissioner Qajaq Robinson wrote in a spirit of hopefulness that “Ending this genocide and rebuilding Canada into a decolonized nation requires a new relationship and an equal partnership between all Canadians and Indigenous Peoples. I hope that the Final Report of the National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls can be a tool to do just that.” This spirit of hopefulness was echoed by Jeremiah Bosse, widower of Daleen Bosse, a woman from Onion Lake Cree Nation murdered in May 2004: “Today I feel hopeful for the first time that as victims of violence our words will be heard. The words of our lost ones are spoken! We will be there to represent them; they may be lost, but they are not forgotten!”
National Inquiry Facts-2,386—Total number of participants in the Truth Gathering Process:
1,484 family members and survivors provided testimony
819 individuals shared through artistic expressions
83 experts, Knowledge Keepers and officials provided testimony
15 community hearings were held across Canada
9 Knowledge Keeper, expert and institutional hearings were held across Canada

PROSTITUTION.
A third example of prostitution of indigenous women is seen in a description of today’s globalized labor practices in Africa. Congo has been described, like women, as “too well endowed with natural resources” (Harden, 2001, authors’ italics).The colonist cannot be expected to resist the opportunity to rape the land or the women. The nations of people in what is now called Congo have been devastated by centuries of colonial assault primarily by Belgium and the United States, but recently joined in by Rwanda. (1) Coltran, a metal used for superconductor chips in cell phones and pagers, is found abundantly in Ituri peoples’ lands (eastern Congo). When the price of Coltran crashed (from $80. to $8. a kilo) as a result of environmentalists’protests, the prostitution that had been instituted to provide Coltran miners with “temporary wives” continued, even though the mines were closed down (Harden, 2001).Prostitution requires a devalued class of women (Barry, 1995) which Canada produced by means of the combined forces of the military, the state, the church, and market capitalism. During Canada’s first 100 years, the Hudson’s Bay Company prohibited European women from emigrating to Canada. British brothels were established around military bases and trading posts. Just as men today purchase “mail order brides” in servile marriage, British military officers in colonial Canada acquired “country brides” in marriage-like prostitution that provided men with exclusive sexual access to First Nations women. Children were often born from this prostitution, although European common law did not recognize these relationships. When European women were later permitted to emigrate to Canada, European men often abandoned their First Nations families (Bourgeault,1989).Prostitution is colonization of women, generally. It is also one specific legacy of colonization, although it is infrequently analyzed as such. (Lynne, 1998; Scully, 2001). Prostitution of Aboriginal women occurs globally, in epidemic numbers, with indigenous women at the bo ttom of a brutal race and class hierarchy in prostitution itself (in addition to being at the bottom of race and class hierarchies in other walks of life)(UNICEF, 2004). Scully described “universal racialized sexual hierarchies” in sex businesses, the most visible of which involved colonists supplying their indigenous, indentured laborers with sexual access to women of their own ethnicity. Thus one aspect of Canadian prostitution was colonists’ intention to keep European women off-limits to indigenous men. (Scully, 2001).Pimps and traffickers take advantage of the subordinate status of women and girls by exploiting sexist and racist stereotypes of women as servants and commodities. The economic dependence of countries on multinational corporations creates conditions for women to sell their own sexual exploitation at far better rates of pay than other forms of labor, thereby promoting prostitution and trafficking (Hernandez, 2001). Global economic policies seamlessly weave together sexism, racism, and colonialism via invasions of peoples’ lands, causing agricultural and community dislocation and environmental destruction.These events then result in poverty and rural-to-urban migration which produces a huge urban labor pool available for labor exploitation generally as well as for prostitution of women and children. Promoting prostitution as a reasonable job for poor women, the International Labor Organization euphemistically declared: “Mobile populations tend to have greater motivation and opportunities for commercial sex” (Lim, 1998, p 34).On the other hand, Yakama Elder Russell Jim described prostitution as “self-cannibalization” (Jim, 1997). Jim’s characterization suggests the demolition of the self that occurs in prostitution, which paradoxically appears to be a result of the victim’s own choices. One woman in the Netherlands described prostitution as "volunteer slavery," articulating both the appearance of choice and the overwhelming coercion behind that choice (Vanwesenbeeck, 1994, page 149).Most people in prostitution entered prostitution as adolescents. Nadon and colleagues (1998) found that 89% of her interviewees had begun prostitution before the age of 16. In Canada, as elsewhere, the average age of entry into prostitution is adolescence (cited as between thirteen and nineteen in Lowman, 1993). (3) Children enter prostitution because of abusive treatment by caregivers (Lowman, 1993 p 72) and because they run away from dangerous home environments (Federal/Provincial Territorial Working Group on Prostitution, 1998). Boyer and colleagues (1993) interviewed 60 women prostituting in escort, street, strip club, phone sex, and massage parlors in Seattle. All began prostituting between the ages of 12 and 14. Fifty two percent of 183 Vancouver women turned their first trick when they were younger than age 16, and 70% turned the first trick before age 18 (Cunningham & Christensen, 2001).The vast majority of those in prostitution have been sexually abused as children, usually by several predators. Currie (1994) reported a 73% incidence of childhood sexual abuse of women who were prostituting in Vancouver. One girl prostituting in Seattle said:We’ve all been molested. Over and over, and raped. We were all molested and sexually abused as children, don’t you know that? We ran to get away. They didn’t want us in the house anymore. We were thrown out, thrown away. We’ve been on the street since we were 12, 13, 14. (Boyer, Chapman & Marshall, 1993) Cunningham & Christensen (2001) found that 68% of women prostituting in the Downtown Eastside had been recently raped, and 72% had been kidnapped. 89% of the women interviewed by Cunningham & Christensen reported that customers refused condoms in the previous year, another type of violence.First Nations gay men, like First Nations women, are in double jeopardy. Comparing Canadian Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal gay men, researchers found that the Aboriginal gay men were significantly more likely to be poor, unstably housed, more depressed, to have been sexually abused as children, to have had nonconsensual sex, and to have been prostituted (Heath et al, 1999).In order to find out about women's experiences in prostitution, what preceded their entry into prostitution, and what their current needs were, we interviewed women prostituting in Vancouver, Canada. This was a part of a multi-country study of prostitution (Farley et al., 2003). We knew that First Nations women were overrepresented in prostitution, with an especially high number of Canadian youth in prostitution from First Nations. Estimates of First Nations prostituted youth range from 14% -60% across various regions in Canada (Assistant Deputy Minister’s Committee, 2001, p 26).

Method
Brief structured interviews of 100 prostituting women and children were conducted in Vancouver, B.C. We contacted agencies working with prostitutes and set up collaborative efforts where possible. The second author was a board member of a Vancouver agency that provided services to prostitutes and was familiar with locations where prostitution commonly occurred in Vancouver. She was known to some of our interviewees in her capacity as a social worker. Interviewers, two of whom were First Nations and one of whom was white European-American, were screened for the ability to establish an easygoing rapport on the street and in occasionally dangerous locations.The women we interviewed were from the Downtown Eastside, Franklin, and Broadway/Fraser prostitution strolls in Vancouver, B.C. We attempted to contact any woman known to be prostituting, whether indoor or outdoors. Using a snowball recruitment technique, we asked women to let their friends who were prostituting elsewhere (e.g. in other areas or indoors) know that we would return to a specific location at a specific time the next day.Informed consent included a summary of research goals and participants’ rights. Respondents’ copies of the consent form included names and phone numbers of local agencies that could be contacted for support and assistance and included the authors’ phone numbers and email addresses. In all cases we offered to read the items to respondents. Most were able to complete the questionnaire without assistance; however, a few were illiterate.If respondents indicated that they were prostituting we asked them to fill out the questionnaire. We paid a small stipend ($10 Canadian) to those who responded. The Prostitution Questionnaire (PQ), used in similar research in South Africa, Thailand,Turkey, USA, and Zambia, Germany, Colombia, and Mexico consists of 32 items asking about physical and sexual assault in prostitution, lifetime history of physical and sexual violence, and the use of or making of pornography during prostitution (Farley et al., 2003). It takes about 15 minutes to complete. The questionnaire asked whether respondents wished to leave prostitution and what they needed in order to leave. We asked if they had been homeless, if they had physical health problems, and if they used drugs or alcohol or both. Because of item heterogeneity, psychometrics on the PQ are not available. Sample items include:2. Since you’ve been in prostitution, have you been physically assaulted? 14a. When you were a child, were you ever hit or beaten by a parent or caregiver until you had bruises on your body or were injured in some other way by them? 16. Did you ever have pictures taken of you while you were working in prostitution? 19. Have you ever been homeless? (4) Results 52% of our interviewees were women from Canada’s First Nations, a significant overrepresentation of this group of people, compared to their representation in Vancouver generally (1.7-7%). 52% were First Nations, 38% were white European-Canadian, 5% were African Canadian, and 5% left the question blank. In response to “race/ethnic group,” the majority of the 52 First Nations women described themselves as Native. Next most often, they described themselves as Metis, a French word that translates to English as "mixed blood" and is used by those we interviewed to describe themselves as having both First Nations and European ancestries. Historically, the two major colonizers of First Nations of Canada were the British and the French,therefore the majority of those called Metis were First Nations/French or First Nations/British. The First Nations women also described themselves as Native Indian, Cree, Cree Native, First Nations, Cree Metis, Ojibwa, Blackfoot/Cree, Aboriginal, and Interior Salish. Unfortunately, fewer than 10 women identified themselves by specific tribal ancestry, so we were unable to compare tribes in our analyses.82% of our respondents reported a history of childhood sexual abuse, by an average of 4 perpetrators. This statistic (those assaulted by an average of four perpetrators) did not include those who responded to the question “If there was unwanted sexual touching or sexual contact between you and an adult, how many people in all?” with “tons” or “I can’t count that high” or “I was too young to remember.” 72% reported that as children, they had been hit or beaten by a caregiver until they had bruises or were injured.90% of these women had been physically assaulted in prostitution. Of those who had been physically assaulted, 82% had been assaulted by customers. 78% of these respondents had been raped in prostitution.67% of our interviewees reported that pornography was made of them in prostitution; and 64% had been upset by an attempt to force them to perform an act that customers had seen in pornography.75% of the women we interviewed in Vancouver reported physical injuries from violence in prostitution. Many reported stabbings and beatings, concussions and broken bones (broken jaws, ribs, collar bones, fingers, spinal injuries, and a fractured skull), as well as cuts, black eyes, and “fat lips.” (5) 50% of these women suffered head injuries as a result of violent assaults with, for example, baseball bats, crowbars, and having their heads slammed against walls and against car dashboards. Women were regularly subjected to extreme violence when they refused to perform a specific sex act.Verbal abuse in prostitution tends to be socially invisible just as other sexual harassment in prostitution is normalized and invisible. Yet it is pervasive. 88% of our respondents described verbal abuse as intrinsic to prostitution. One woman in Vancouver commented: “Lots of johns are super-nice at first. Then when the sex act starts, they get real verbally abusive.”Johns’ verbal assaults in all types of prostitution are likely to cause acute and long-term psychological symptoms. One woman said that over time, “It is internally damaging. You become in your own mind what these people do and say with you. You wonder how could you let yourself do this and why do these people want to do this to you?” (Farley, 03b).We compared First Nations women with European -Canadian women in a number of analyses. Childhood sexual abuse was reported significantly more often by interviewees identifying as First Nations than by those describing themselves as European-Canadian. Significantly more First Nations women than European-Canadian women reported childhood physical abuse.We asked all participants what their current needs were. 95% of these respondents stated that they wanted to leave prostitution. 82% expressed a need for drug or alcohol addiction treatment. They also told us that they needed job training (67%), a home or safe place (66%), individual counseling (58%), self-defense training (49%), health care (41%), and peer support (41%). 33% needed legal assistance and 32% wanted legalized prostitution, and 12% needed childcare.There were also ethnic differences in response to the needs assessment. First Nations women indicated a significantly greater need for self defense training, a greater need for peer support, a greater need for job training, and for individual counseling.Discussion and Recommendations-Prostitution is intimately associated with sex inequality, poverty, racism and colonialism. Vancouver’s Downtown Eastside,one of the poorest areas in North America, is referred to as the “urban reserve” by its First Nations residents. Life expectancy is short: a neighborhood center in the Downtown Eastside categorizes anyone over age 40 as a senior. The women we interviewed were survivors of conditions that many do not survive. Many were hungry, drug-sick, and almost all had a palpable look of fear in their eyes. Violence seemed to be in the very air they breathed. Our findings document this horrific level of physical and sexual violence.One woman told us that she was continually raped in prostitution, explaining: “what rape is to others, is normal to us.”Another woman, 36 years old, described a rape as the “defining experience” of her life. At age sixteen, she was raped at knifepoint, after which the rapist gave her a gold hain, in effect, paying her for the rape, and defining her as a prostitute. A fear of men was pervasive among these women, one of whom told us that being hit and bruised was “just your common aggressiveness from men.”The violence against these women while in prostitution was one aspect of a lifetime continuum of violence. The normalcy of living with violence began, for many, in childhood. 82% of the women we interviewed had been sexually abused as children.Previous research has linked childhood sexual abuse with prostitution. One young woman told Silbert & Pines (1982, p 488), “I started turning tricks to show my father what he made me.” Dworkin (1997) described sexual abuse of children as “boot camp”for prostitution. (6) West et al (2000) found that women were most likely to prostitute if they had experienced sexual abuse as children and were later revictimized by rape in adulthood. Our respondents were in a state of almost constant revictimization.In Canada the triple force of race, class and sex discrimination disparately impact First Nations women. With 52% of our respondents being First Nations women, their overrepresentation in prostitution reflects their poverty and their marginalized status within Canada (7). Although almost all of our respondents (including non-First Nations women) had migrated, given the brutal poverty that has been documented on Canadian reserves, migration is often critical for First Nations women’s economic survival. Many women told us that they urgently needed safe housing. Prostitution is intimately related to homelessness, with 86% of our respondents currently or previously homeless. First Nations youth who leave their home communities for urban areas are particularly vulnerable to sexual exploitation in that they are both homeless and in an unfamiliar cultural environment (Federal/Provincial Working Group, 1998 p. 14). One young woman commented “The prostitutes in [Canada] are very young and have no place to sleep. They sleep on the streets and this is when the men take advantage of them and rape them” (Youth Delegates of Out from the Shadows, 1998. P 6).A recent study in New Zealand found similar housing crises among the Maori. Maori in prostitution were significantly more likely than European-ancestry New Zealanders to have been homeless and to have entered prostitution as children (Farley,2003a). Similar findings with respect to high rates of childhood abuse and entry of Maori women into prostitution at a young age have been reported by others (Plumridge & Abel, 2000, Saphira & Herbert, 2004).Race, class and gender are multiplicative risk factors for prostitution. In order to understand prostitution, the effects of racism in addition to sexism and poverty must be addressed. Traumatic stress includes the historical trauma of colonization.Racism and cultural stereotyping can be understood as chronic, insidious trauma that wear away at peoples’ self esteem and well being (Root, 1996). In a series of studies, Kirmayer (1994, 2000) documented the pervasive negative effects of racism and cultural alienation among First Nations youth: high rates of depression, anxiety, and suicide.Imposing a sexist and racist regime on First Nations women, colonization simultaneously elevated male power within the colonized community (Fiske, 2002). Freire described the colonial destruction of positive roles for men as resulting in “adhesion to the oppressor” (1994, p 27). Dworkin also discussed the harm inflicted on women by colonized men:The stigma of the prostitute allows the violent, the angry, the socially and politically impoverished male to nurse a grudge against all women, including prostituted women; this is aggressive bias, made rawer and more dangerous by the need to counter one’s own presumed inferiority. (Dworkin, 2000, p 325) A recent study in New Zealand found similar housing crises among the Maori. Maori in prostitution were significantly more likely than European-ancestry New Zealanders to have been homeless and to have entered prostitution as children (Farley,2003a). Similar findings with respect to high rates of childhood abuse and entry of Maori women into prostitution at a young age have been reported by others (Plumridge & Abel, 2000, Saphira & Herbert, 2004).Race, class and gender are multiplicative risk factors for prostitution. In order to understand prostitution, the effects of racism in addition to sexism and poverty must be addressed. Traumatic stress includes the historical trauma of colonization.Racism and cultural stereotyping can be understood as chronic, insidious trauma that wear away at peoples’ self esteem and well being (Root, 1996). In a series of studies, Kirmayer (1994, 2000) documented the pervasive negative effects of racism and cultural alienation among First Nations youth: high rates of depression, anxiety, and suicide.Imposing a sexist and racist regime on First Nations women, colonization simultaneously elevated male power within the colonized community (Fiske, 2002). Freire described the colonial destruction of positive roles for men as resulting in “adhesion to the oppressor” (1994, p 27). Dworkin also discussed the harm inflicted on women by colonized men:The stigma of the prostitute allows the violent, the angry, the socially and politically impoverished male to nurse a grudge against all women, including prostituted women; this is aggressive bias, made rawer and more dangerous by the need to counter one’s own presumed inferiority. (Dworkin, 2000, p 325) The cultural destruction of positive roles for First Nations men and their subsequent identification with supremacist attitudes have had disastrous consequences for First Nations women, with astronomical rates of incest, rape, and husband violence. Nahanee wrote of "the almost total victimization of [Aboriginal] women and children” and noted that violence against Aboriginal women has reached epidemic proportions according to many studies. “This violence includes the victimization of women and their children, both of whom are seen as property of their men (husbands, lovers, fathers), or of the community in which they live" (Nahanee, 1993). 80% of Indian women seeking care at one U.S. clinic reported having been raped (Old Dog Cross, 1982).

 (8)-First Nations women in this study almost always reported childhood physical and sexual abuse. A Dene woman interviewed by the second author spoke of communities in which the entire female population had been sexually assaulted by men. She had been threatened with further violence if she attempted to speak out against this (Lynne, 1998, p 43).The number one issue we have to deal with is violence against women and children, because as long as we destroy ourselves from within, we don’t have to worry about anyone else. Sexual violence…. causes so much shame for survivors and communities… Nevertheless, because sexual violence has been one of the most successful avenues of colonization, Native communities cannot prosper until we find a way to eradicate sexual violence and heal from the shame and self-hatred it has instilled in us… (INCITE, 2001) In order to address the harm of prostitution it is necessary to use education, prevention and intervention strategies similar to those dedicated to other forms of gender-based abuse such as rape and intimate partner violence. This understanding of prostitution as violence against women must then become a part of public policy and it must be structurally implemented in public health care, mental health services, homeless shelters, rape crisis centers and battered women's shelters (Stark & Hodgson, 2003). Any intervention for those in prostitution must first acknowledge prostitution as a form of violence. As with battered women, physical safety is a critical concern.Culturally appropriate treatment for those escaping prostitution is also a necessity. The Royal Commission Report suggested that a general health strategy for First Nations should include 1) equitable access to health services, 2) holistic approaches to treatment, 3) Aboriginal control of services, and 4) diverse approaches which respond to cultural priorities and community needs (RCAP, 1996 p 110). These four basic strategies are applicable to the healing of those in prostitution.Western medical treatment must be combined with traditional healing practices for urban First Nations women who want to exit prostitution.An approach that addresses prostitution from a public health perspective only (how can we make sure she does not have STD/HIV so she does not transmit STD/HIV to the customer to take home to his wife/girlfriend) or from a legal perspective only (how can we keep prostitution out of my neighborhood) but that fails to address the psychological and spiritual damage to the person in prostitution - will not be effective.The Peguis First Nation community in Manitoba found that a combination of traditional and western healing approaches was especially effective for those who suffer from emotional problems, including those related to alcohol and drug abuse, violence, and suicide. (Cohen, cited in RCAP,1996, p 213). Strickland explained use of Maori philosophy to address the harm of prostitution:I am a Maori community worker addressing the problems of my people who are caught up in this colonised system that has uprooted them from their land, rivers, mountains, forests, their language, and their gods and beliefs. When a nation of people has been stripped of their heritage one can easily become a lost soul - vulnerable and open to manipulation and exploitation. In this instance our women and children have been forced into paid rape (prostitution). Healing from prostitution involves healing of the four cornerstones for my people: Tinana (body), Hinengaro (mind), Wairua (spirit), and Whanau (family).(Strickland, 2003) The health provider must become culturally competent regarding tribal differences in culture and language and also acquainted with community services and tribal anti-violence resources (Polacca, 2003, Walters, Simoni, & Evans-Campbell, 2002). In the United States there is the additional complexity of jurisdictional confusion. Tribal courts may lack the means or the will for prosecution of perpetrators of violence. Tribal jurisdiction sometimes conflicts with federal law enforcement, and perpetrators may be well aware that there are minimal consequences for violence against women (National Sexual Violence Resource Center, 2000, Polacca, 2003).The most relevant paradigm currently available for understanding and treating the immediate harm of prostitution is that of domestic violence. Physical coercion, rape, and violence by husband/partner/pimp and john are perpetrated against women in prostitution (Currie, 1994; Lowman, 199; Lowman & Fraser, 1995; Miller, 1995; Stark & Hodgson, 2003). Of 854 people in prostitution, 73% reported that they had been physically assaulted in prostitution (Farley et al., 2003). Prostitution can be lethal (Potterat et al., 2004). A Canadian commission found that the death rate of women in prostitution was 40 times higher than that of the general population (Special Committee on Pornography and Prostitution, 1985). A study of Vancouver prostitution reported a 36% incidence of attempted murder (Cler-Cunningham & Christenson, 2001). In most instances, women in prostitution are battered women. Giobbe (1993) compared pimps and batterers and found similarities in their use of minimization and denial,attitude of ownership, enforced social isolation, threats, intimidation, verbal and sexual abuse, and extreme physical violence to control women.Alcohol and drug abuse claim the lives of countless First Nations women and men. Traumatic events have been recognized as powerful contributors to drug and alcohol addictions. Substance abuse is commonly used as a means to numb the physical and emotional pain of prostitution. Observing that addictions among First Nations originate from cultural assaults and poverty,Summit leader Bill Wilson stated:When you look at the conditions that [First Nations people] are in, it would be a surprise to me if they did quit drugs and alcohol and stopped committing suicide. We are not dealing with the core problem in all of this. If we had healthy communities that were thriving and had an economy, in all probability, we wouldn't be as interested in doing drugs and alcohol. (Rees, 2001) And yet a colonizing attitude regarding drug prescription continues. In 2001, one in three First Nations women over age 40 was prescribed benzodiazepines (e.g. Valium, Xanax, Ativan), drugs that are highly addictive. Stewart Phillip, president of the Union of B.C. Indian Chiefs, described this practice as tantamount to "sedating poverty." (Rees, 2001). Wayne Christian, director of the First Nations Round Lake Treatment Centre in Armstrong noted that most of his clients used drugs and alcohol to deaden the pain of emotional and physical trauma. "Up to 95% of clients at Round Lake reported a history of some kind of trauma, personal trauma,whether it was residential school, sexual abuse, physical violence, abandonment -- those types of issues…" (Rees, 2001).82% of the women we interviewed voiced an urgent need for treatment of drug and alcohol addiction. Like combat veterans, women in prostitution self-medicate for depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with drugs and alcohol. An integrated approach to treating substance abuse and PTSD has proven more effective than treatment that addresses only substance abuse and fails to treat PTSD. (Epstein et al., 1998, Najavits, 1998, Ouimette et al., 2000). In order to treat addiction, one must also address the reasons for relapse. These include childhood sexual and physical abuse, prostitution, and generally, the harms of colonialism mentioned above.Women in prostitution need special groups that simultaneously address addiction, prostitution, and other sexual exploitation. Since men regularly proposition survivors of prostitution as soon as the women are known to have prostituted, a mixed-gender 12-step setting is not appropriate. Furthermore, confidentiality is a concern in small communities where everyone is either related or knows one another.First Nations women may need special supports in escaping prostitution and addictions. First Nations women in our study were finely attuned to the violence that surrounds them and expressed a need for self defense training as well as peer support,individual counseling and job training. Stating that “the Canadian sex trade is grim evidence of the ongoing struggles of Aboriginal peoples in Canada,” (Rabinovitch, 2003) PEERS, a Victoria BC agency serving women in prostitution, has recognized the unique challenges of serving Aboriginal youth and women in prostitution:An Indigenous Community Empowerment Vision workshop attempts to overcome resistance within the Aboriginal community to acknowledging the over-representation of Aboriginal women in the sex trade. The goals of the workshop are to generate a sense of awareness of and responsibility for community members in the sex trade.Workshop leaders Tallefer and Moore stated: ‘We owe it to our ancestors, Nations, children and selves to work together and reclaim our lost community members.’ (Tallefer & Moore, 2002, p 1) The needs assessment in our study points to possibilities for program development and public health policy. Programs for those in prostitution should include culturally relevant programming, job training, individual counseling, self-defense training,health care focused specifically on sequelae of chronic poverty and sexual and physical violence-related health concerns, and peer support (Rabinovitch, 2003; Hotaling, Burris et al., 2003).It is beyond the scope of this paper to discuss what should be done to attempt to ameliorate the violence perpetrated by states (such as Canada) against nations (such as Ojibwa, Cree, Blackfoot, Salish). A lack of coexistence between nations and states is at the root of social and political crises and these ultimately impact First Nations women in prostitution (Ryser, 1995). Prostituted women are displaced women, in the most profound and pervasive meaning of what displacement is – they are displaced physically,emotionally, socially, and spiritually. Trafficked from reserve to city, the internally displaced in North America are poor, rural, and indigenous (Lynne, 1998, Cohen & Sanchez-Garzoli,01). This displacement makes them extremely vulnerable to the sexual exploitation and violence intrinsic to all types of prostitution.

Prostitution is a sexually exploitative, often violent economic option most often entered into by those with a lengthy history of sexual, racial and economic victimization. Prostitution is only now beginning to be understood as violence against women and girls. Prostitution has rarely been included in discussions of sexual violence against First Nations. Just as wife beating was historically viewed as having been provoked by the victim, prostitution is still viewed by some as a job choice to which the victim “consents.”Ninety-five percent of our interviewees said that they wanted to escape prostitution, while also telling us that they did not feel that they had other options for survival. Another Canadian study found that a comparable 90% of women in prostitution wanted to leave prostitution but could not (Elizabeth Fry Society of Toronto, 1987). If consent implies a range of options to choose from then these women in Vancouver certainly did not consent as most of us understand that term. There was no suggestion from these women that they desired to continue in prostitution. Many expressed a resigned hopelessness regarding the possibility of escape from prostitution.In March 2005, Canadian legislators considered decriminalizing prostitution in Canada. While some well-intentioned people might assume that decriminalization will reduce the harm of prostitution by not arresting women – in fact, decriminalization removes legal sanctions against pimps and tricks as well, thereby normalizing prostitution as equivalent to any other sale of a product (Sullivan & Jeffreys, 2001). Despite some descriptions of prostitution as a reasonable job for poor women, the realities of prostitution,including the findings reported in this paper, better describe multiple violations of human rights (MacKinnon, 1993, Leidholdt,1993). Decriminalization of prostitution mainstreams and expands prostitution, and it would have devastating effects on the lives of First Nations women (Farley, 2004). Once prostitution is socially and legally considered a job like any other, it is possible that welfare offices might recommend prostitution as an employment option. Recent reports indicated that women in Germany (which has legalized prostitution) felt threatened with loss of welfare benefits if they refused to consider work in prostitution (Hall, 2005).Decriminalized or legalized prostitution would solidify the human rights abuses in these women’s lives while at the same time doing nothing to provide them what they told us they most needed: treatment for addictions, vocational training (for jobs outside the sex industry), and stable housing.Harm reduction strategies however, must address men’s demand for prostitution as well as the supply. Viewing prostitution as a social phenomenon that should be abolished, the Swedish government in 1999 criminalized the buying of sex acts but not the selling of sex acts. Understanding that without the demand for purchased sexual access to women and children, prostitution and trafficking would not flourish; the Swedish law criminalized the customer of prostitution, the pimp, the procurer, and the trafficker,but not the prostituted person. The Swedish law recognized that “in the majority of cases… [the woman in prostitution] is a weaker partner who is exploited” and allocated funding for social services to “motivate prostitutes to seek help to leave their way of life”(Ministry of Labour, 1998). The effects of the law thus far seem beneficial. Two years after the law’s passage, a Stockholm taskforce reported that there was a 50% decrease in women prostituting and a 75% decrease in men buying sex. Since the law was implemented, trafficking of women into Sweden has decreased as well, with pimps and traffickers apparently transporting women to nearby states that tolerate or legalize prostitution, such as the Netherlands, Germany, and Estonia (Ekberg, 2001, 2004).We hope to see prostitution prevention programs for First Nations and non-First Nations women – programs that address the root causes of prostitution: sex inequality, colonialism, and poverty. We hope to see programs for healing those who have escaped prostitution and other sexual violence, including programs that are culturally relevant for those to whom services are offered.Notes-
1. The World Health Organization estimated that 2001’s monthly toll of avoidable deaths in Congo was 72,800 (Harden, 2001).
2. Similar health consequences of colonialism on Aboriginal people are seen in health data from the United States. American Indians and Alaska Natives have the second highest infant mortality rate in USA, and the suicide rate of American Indians is 50% higher than the national rate. (US Dept of Health and Human Services, 2001 p82; US Dept of Health and Human Services 2001a p 17).
3. Victoria and British Colombia surveys found the average age of entry into prostitution to be 14-15.5 years, and a Vancouversurvey found average age of entry into prostitution to be 16.3 for girls and 15.6 for boys. (Lowman and Fraser, 1989).
4. The Prostitution Questionnaire may be obtained from the first author.
5. Other descriptions of violence included:
a)“[I have a] long history of physical abuse. I was beaten by my mother’s boyfriend, ran away from home to a pimp who beat
me, I left him for a man who beat me up, and so on….”
b) A 13 year-old told us she had: “disaligment in my neck, cuts, and scratches, bruises caused by bad dates. Also deafness.”
c)“A stalker hit me with his car on purpose.”
d)“Date tried to assault me with steel-toed boots because I wouldn’t do something he wanted.”
e)“A bad date hit my head on a wall.”
f)“I was beaten with stones by a couple of women.”
g) A pimp locked her in a room and beat her 30 times with baseball bat.
h)“My boyfriend pushed me downstairs and broke my arm, [I’ve had] multiple beatings by various boyfriends, broken kneecaps,broken limbs. I’m scared of men.”
i)“Two years ago, I was beat and raped for 45 minutes.
6. Use of a child for sex by adults, with or without payment, is prostitution of the child. When a child is incestuously assaulted,the perpetrator’s objectification of the child, his rationalization and denial are the same as those of the john in prostitution. Incest and prostitution result in similar physical and psychological symptoms in the victim.

MY MOHAWK RACEWAY PREDICTIONS 2025 RD 118 TUE JUL 22, 2025

    MOHAWK STANDARDBREAD HARNESS RACEWAY 2025 - RESULTS AS OF TUE JUL-22, 2025 - DAY-118

MOHAWK PICKS
01-4-5-1-6 4TH (5.2 )
02-6-4-3-1 W-2.80, 4TH WBP (12-1) - 2.80
03-3-4-2-6 4TH WBP (8-1), MEX-7.40, MSUP-21.20 - 31.40
04-5-8-2-6 S-3.90, 4TH WBP (6-1) - 35.30 
05-2-3-10-5 W-5.20, P-2.90, 4TH (7.2), SEX-11.70 - 55.10
06-5-1-4-3 W-2.90, MTRI-43.35, DD-10.40 - 111.75
07-2-4-8-9 W-14.40, S-6.60, DD-12.70, P3-32.40 - 177.85
08-1-3-7-4 W-6.20, 4TH WBP (9.2), DD-62.80, P3-30.75 - 277.60
09-2-6-5-3 W-2.10, 4TH WBP (49-1), DD-5.80, P3-33.30 - 318.80
10-6-5-1-2 4TH (14-1)
11-3-6-7-9-4
MOHAWKS TONIGHTS TOTAL $318.80 OVERALL TOTAL $38,466.10

STANS PICKS
01-5-1-4-9-2 W-6.10, S-2.50, 4TH WBP (8-1) - 8.60
02-6-4-5-3-2 W-2.80, DD-8.30 - 19.70
03-6-1-2-4-5 4TH WBP (6.5)
04-1-4-3-2-5 P-18.00, 4TH WBP (6-1) - 37.70
05-3-2-5-9-4 MEX-11.70 - 49.40
06-5-2-4-6-3 W-2.90 - 52.30
07-2-8-1-3-4 W-14.40, MTRI-210.95, DD-12.70 - 290.35 
08-1-3-4-7-8 W-6.20, 4TH (5.2), DD-62.80, P3-30.75 - 390.10
09-5-2-6-3-4 4TH WBP (49-1), MEX-5.10 - 395.20
10-6-2-1-3-7
11-6-3-2-5-9 P-6.70, 4TH WBP (31-1) - 401.90
HI-5 MONEY BEFORE TONIGHT = $137,988.01
STANS TONIGHTS TOTAL $401.90 OVERALL TOTAL $29,256.30

ACTUAL RACE RESULTS
01-5 (2-1)-9 (8-1)-4 (2-1)-6 (5.2 ) (7-SCR)
02-6 (2.5)-1 (12-1)-4 (5.2)-5 (11-1)
03-4 (6.5)-3 (1-1)-6 (8-1)-2 (7-1)
04-6 (6-1)-4 (17-1)-2 (6-1)-1 (9-1 )
05-2 (8.5)-3 (5.2)-7 (14-1)-5 (7.2)
06-5 (2.5)-4 (14-1)-1 (6-1)-2 (9.2)
07-2 (6-1)-1 (7-1)-8 (11-1)-7 (16-1)
08-1 (2-1)-4 (9.2)-2 (23-1)-7 (5.2) (3-3P8 FOR 4 PYLONS)
09-2 (1.9)-5 (19-1)-3 (49-1)-4 (58-1) ( NO SHOW BETTING)
10-5 (1.2)-1 (5-1)-7 (28-1)-2 (14-1)
11-7 (9.2)-5 (31-1)DH-3 (7.5)DH-1 (46-1)-2 (28-1) (8-SCR)

MOHAWK PREDICTIONS)-RECORD 2025
01-452-BIG-$22.00 (FEB 21-6TH) (10-1), $17.50 (JUL 08-9TH) (7-1), $14.40 (JUL 22-7TH) (6-1)
02-259-BIG-$20.90 (APR 11-1ST) (14-1), $11.20 (FEB 24-10TH (17-1), $09.50 (APR 12-4TH) (12-1)
03-173-BIG-$12.70 (JAN 24-1ST) (20-1), $08.60 (MAY 02-12TH) (15-1), $07.00 (JUN 23-4TH) (7-1)
04-168-BIG-55-1 (FEB 22-10TH), 42-1 (JUN 05-10TH), 41-1 (FEB 14-10TH), 39-1 (JUN 30-9TH)
04-422-W B P-BIG-57-1 (MAY 26-5TH), 49-1 (JUL 22-9TH), 43-1 (JUN 07-2ND), 41-1 (JUL 15-9TH)
S EX-146-BIG-$61.40 (JUL 08-9TH)
M EX-069-BIG-$116.60 (MAY 17-7TH)
S TRI-043-BIG-$87.35 (MAY 10-10TH)
M TRI-103-BIG-$166.95 (JUN 05-1ST)
S SUP-013-BIG-$246.65 (MAY 10-10TH)
M SUP-096-BIG-$2,393.10 (APR 10-8TH)
DD-1,2-15-BIG-$45.50 (FEB 14-2ND)
DD-2,3-25-BIG-$29.10 (FEB 01-3RD)
DD-3,4-17-BIG-$61.10 (JAN 20-4TH)
DD-4,5-09-BIG-$10.20 (APR 21-5TH)
DD-5,6-18-BIG-$29.40 (FEB 07-6TH)
DD-6,7-16-BIG-$75.10 (FEB 07-7TH)
DD-7,8-20-BIG-$62.80 (JUL 22-8TH)
DD-8,9-13-BIG-$28.40 (JUL 08-9TH)
DD-9,10-12-BIG-$60.10 (MAR 10-10TH)
DD-10,11-06-BIG-$25.60 (MAY 10-11TH)
DD-11,12-01-BIG-$08.10 (JUN 14-12TH)
DD-12,13-01-BIG-$03.80 (JUN 14-13TH)
P3 (1-3)-07-BIG-$23.50 (FEB 01-3RD)
P3 (2-4)-08-BIG-$32.00 (FEB 01-4TH)
P3 (3-5)-04-BIG-$09.45 (JUL 11-5TH)
P3 (4-6)-05-BIG-$12.15 (JUL 03-6TH)
P3 (5-7)-09-BIG-$41.90 (FEB 07-7TH)
P3 (6-8)-06-BIG-$68.50 (FEB 07-8TH)
P3 (7-9)-09-BIG-$33.30 (JUL 22-9TH)
P3 (8-10)-01-BIG-$07.10 (JUN 14-10TH)
P3 (9-11)-04-BIG-$30.10 (MAY 10-11TH)
P3 (10-12)-01-BIG-$03.45 (JUN 14-12TH)
P3 (11-13)-01-BIG-$06.65 (JUN 14-13TH)
P4 (3-6)-02-BIG-$20.20 (JUL 03-6TH)
P4 (4-7)-00-BIG-$
P4 (7-10)-01-BIG-$
P4 (8-11)-00-BIG-$
P4 (9-12)-00-BIG-$
P4 (10-13)-01-BIG-$05.65 (JUN 14-13TH)
P5 (1-5)-00-BIG-$
P5 (6-10)-00-BIG-$
P5 (9-13)-01-BIG-$11.50 (JUN 14-13TH)
P6 (4-9)-00-BIG-$
10TH -P5 (HF)-S-00-BIG-$
10TH -P5 (HF)-M-06-BIG-$1,660.20 (JAN 13-10TH)
11TH -P5 (HF)-S-00-BIG-$
11TH -P5 (HF)-M-02-BIG-$737.60 (JUL 15-11TH)
12TH -P5 (HF)-S-00-BIG-$
12TH -P5 (HF)-M-00-BIG-$
13TH -P5 (HF)-S-00-BIG-$
13TH -P5 (HF)-M-00-BIG-$
5-1+ LONG-(07)-442
5-1+ LONG TOT-(18)-1,659-26.6% 
PICK 4 PLACINGS-31-44
OA PICK 4 PLAC TOT-3,077-4,876-63.1%
TOTAL RACES-(11)-1,219
TOP 4 PICKS EACH RACE-01-03,02-03,03-04,04-02,05-03,06-03,07-02,08-03,09-03,10-03,11-02,12-00,13-00=31-44-OATOT 3,077-4,876-63.1%


(STANS PREDICTIONS)-RECORD AT MOHAWK 2025
01-320-BIG-$45.30 (APR 17-9TH) (21-1), $40.00 (APR 10-4TH) (19-1), $39.70 (FEB 03-1ST) (18-1)  
02-207-BIG-$31.40 (JUN 14-6TH) (42-1), $28.70 (JUN 14-2ND) (49-1), $27.90 (MAR 06-8TH) (44-1)
03-155-BIG-$14.90 (MAR 17-7TH) (22-1), $13.60 (APR 03-10TH) (34-1), $13.00 (MAY 31-6TH) (44-1)
04-161-BIG-118-1 (MAY 17-8TH), 105-1 (MAY 08-4TH), 63-1 (MAY 17-3RD), 56-1 (MAY 03-5TH)
04-467-W B P-BIG-93-1 (JAN 25-3RD), 84-1 (MAY 17-6TH), 73-1 (APR 05-6TH), 54-1 (APR 17-8TH)
S EX-074-BIG-$307.5 (JUL 14-11TH)
M EX-059-BIG-$94.90 (APR 19-6TH)
S TRI-017-BIG-$427.40 (FEB 14-2ND)
M TRI-066-BIG-$498.30 (MAR 22-8TH)
S SUP-004-BIG-$207.55 (MAY 03-5TH)
M SUP-062-BIG-$1,797.25 (JUN 30-4TH)
DD-1,2-11-BIG-$29.70 (MAR 21-2ND)
DD-2,3-12-BIG-$24.00 (FEB 24-3RD)
DD-3,4-08-BIG-$40.00 (JAN 09-4TH)
DD-4,5-05-BIG-$187.90 (JUN 12-5TH)
DD-5,6-05-BIG-$83.70 (JUN 12-6TH)
DD-6,7-09-BIG-$67.50 (MAR 07-7TH)
DD-7,8-08-BIG-$62.80 (JUL 22-8TH)
DD-8,9-07-BIG-$78.10 (APR 17-9TH)
DD-9,10-07-BIG-$79.30 (APR 12-10TH)
DD-10,11-05-BIG-$88.60 (MAY 26-11TH)
DD-11,12-00-BIG-$
DD-12,13-00-BIG-$
P3 (1-3)-02-BIG-$13.30 (APR 17-3RD)
P3 (2-4)-02-BIG-$12.75 (FEB 10-4TH)
P3 (3-5)-02-BIG-$14.60 (JAN 03-5TH)
P3 (4-6)-01-BIG-$344.90 (JUN 12-6TH)
P3 (5-7)-00-BIG-$
P3 (6-8)-01-BIG-$30.75 (JUL 22-8TH)
P3 (7-9)-02-BIG-$28.95 (JUL 11-9TH)
P3 (8-10)-01-BIG-$07.10 (JUN 14-10TH)
P3 (9-11)-01-BIG-$03.65 (JUN 14-11TH)
P3 (10-12)-00-BIG-$
P3 (11-13)-00-BIG-$
P4 (3-6)-00-BIG-$
P4 (4-7)-00-BIG-$
P4 (7-10)-00-BIG-$
P4 (8-11)-00-BIG-$
P5 (1-5)-00-BIG-$
P5 (6-10)-00-BIG-$
P6 (4-9)-00-BIG-$
10TH -P5 (HF)-S-00-BIG-$
10TH -P5 (HF)-M-04-BIG-$1,660.20 (JAN 13-10TH)
11TH -P5 (HF)-S-00-BIG-$
11TH -P5 (HF)-M-01-BIG-$323.15 (APR 14-11TH)
12TH -P5 (HF)-S-00-BIG-$
12TH -P5 (HF)-M-01-BIG-$100.05 (APR 21-12TH)
13TH -P5 (HF)-S-00-BIG-$
13TH -P5 (HF)-M-00-BIG-$
5-1+ LONG-(08)-564
5-1+ LONG TOT-(18)-1,659-34.0%
PICK 4 PLACINGS-31-44
OA PICK 4 PLAC TOT-2,856-4,876-58.6%
TOTAL RACES-(11)-1,219
TOP 4 PICKS EACH RACE-01-03,02-03,03-03,04-03,05-03,06-03,07-03,08-03,09-03,10-02,11-02,12-00,13-00=31-44-OATOT 2,856-4,876-58.6%

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