MERAPI VOLCANO READY TO GO

New lava dome grows on top of Indonesia's rumbling Mount Merapi 1 hour, 35 minutes

ago JAKARTA (AFP) - A new lava dome has formed at the peak of Indonesia's rumbling Mount Merapi volcano, reinforcing indications that it may soon erupt, scientists said. The dome has been expanding since last Wednesday behind another dome that was formed in 1997, said Dewi Sri from the vulcanology office in the ancient cultural city of Yogyakarta, 30 kilometers (18 miles) south of the volcano.It continues to grow and its volume has now reached into the hundreds of cubic meters... It is a sign that the magma pressure is increasing," she told AFP.
She said the mountain has significantly increased its activity, with a higher frequency of multi-phased earthquakes as well as those caused by lava fallout. All this indicates that magma pressure is building up and an eruption could follow," Sri said.The alert status of the 2,914-meter (9,560-foot) volcano remained on "standby" however, as it has for more than two weeks, one level below that which would require a mandatory evacuation for more than 29,000 people.Ratdomo Purbo, who heads the Vulcanology Research and Technology Development Office in Yogyakarta, was quoted by the Koran Tempo newspaper as saying that the dome had now grown some 10 meters (33 feet) high.

Purbo, who could not be reached for comment on Tuesday, was also quoted as saying that should the dome break or burst, it would spew lava accompanied by pyroclastic flows, or heat clouds. In its last large eruption in 1994, heat clouds known locally as "shaggy goats" reached 600 degrees Celsius and speeds of over 100 kilometers per hour. They killed 66 people on the southern slope of the mountain. Hundreds of residents have already been relocated to temporary shelters but many living on the volcano's slopes have refused to leave.
Merapi, which has been rumbling intermittently over the past four years, looms above a plain in the south of Central Java province. Indonesia sits on the Pacific "Ring of Fire" noted for its volcanic and seismic activity. The country has more than 100 active volcanoes.

CLIMATE CHANGE IS THE HEAVENS BEING SHAKIN, LIKE THE BIBLE SAYS WOULD HAPPEN IN THE LAST DAYS OF THE AGE OF GRACE.

Climate An Introduction

According to the National Academy of Sciences, the Earth's surface temperature has risen by about 1 degree Fahrenheit in the past century, with accelerated warming during the past two decades. There is new and stronger evidence that most of the warming over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities. Human activities have altered the chemical composition of the atmosphere through the buildup of greenhouse gases – primarily carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. The heat-trapping property of these gases is undisputed although uncertainties exist about exactly how earth’s climate responds to them. Go to the Emissions section for much more on greenhouse gases.

Our Changing Atmosphere

Energy from the sun drives the earth’s weather and climate, and heats the earth’s surface; in turn, the earth radiates energy back into space. Atmospheric greenhouse gases (water vapor, carbon dioxide, and other gases) trap some of the outgoing energy, retaining heat somewhat like the glass panels of a greenhouse.Without this natural “greenhouse effect,” temperatures would be much lower than they are now, and life as known today would not be possible. Instead, thanks to greenhouse gases, the earth’s average temperature is a more hospitable 60°F. However, problems may arise when the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases increases.

Since the beginning of the industrial revolution, atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide have increased nearly 30%, methane concentrations have more than doubled, and nitrous oxide concentrations have risen by about 15%. These increases have enhanced the heat-trapping capability of the earth’s atmosphere. Sulfate aerosols, a common air pollutant, cool the atmosphere by reflecting light back into space; however, sulfates are short-lived in the atmosphere and vary regionally.

Why are greenhouse gas concentrations increasing? Scientists generally believe that the combustion of fossil fuels and other human activities are the primary reason for the increased concentration of carbon dioxide. Plant respiration and the decomposition of organic matter release more than 10 times the CO2 released by human activities; but these releases have generally been in balance during the centuries leading up to the industrial revolution with carbon dioxide absorbed by terrestrial vegetation and the oceans.

What has changed in the last few hundred years is the additional release of carbon dioxide by human activities. Fossil fuels burned to run cars and trucks, heat homes and businesses, and power factories are responsible for about 98% of U.S. carbon dioxide emissions, 24% of methane emissions, and 18% of nitrous oxide emissions. Increased agriculture, deforestation, landfills, industrial production, and mining also contribute a significant share of emissions. In 1997, the United States emitted about one-fifth of total global greenhouse gases.

Estimating future emissions is difficult, because it depends on demographic, economic, technological, policy, and institutional developments. Several emissions scenarios have been developed based on differing projections of these underlying factors. For example, by 2100, in the absence of emissions control policies, carbon dioxide concentrations are projected to be 30-150% higher than today’s levels.

Changing Climate

Global mean surface temperatures have increased 0.5-1.0°F since the late 19th century. The 20th century's 10 warmest years all occurred in the last 15 years of the century. Of these, 1998 was the warmest year on record. The snow cover in the Northern Hemisphere and floating ice in the Arctic Ocean have decreased. Globally, sea level has risen 4-8 inches over the past century. Worldwide precipitation over land has increased by about one percent. The frequency of extreme rainfall events has increased throughout much of the United States.

Increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases are likely to accelerate the rate of climate change. Scientists expect that the average global surface temperature could rise 1-4.5°F (0.6-2.5°C) in the next fifty years, and 2.2-10°F (1.4-5.8°C) in the next century, with significant regional variation. Evaporation will increase as the climate warms, which will increase average global precipitation. Soil moisture is likely to decline in many regions, and intense rainstorms are likely to become more frequent. Sea level is likely to rise two feet along most of the U.S. coast.
Calculations of climate change for specific areas are much less reliable than global ones, and it is unclear whether regional climate will become more variable.