KING JESUS IS COMING FOR US ANY TIME NOW. THE RAPTURE. BE PREPARED TO GO.
EVIL INVENTIONS ARE PREDICTED IN THE BIBLE.
ROMANS 1:29-32
29 Being filled with all unrighteousness, fornication, wickedness, covetousness, maliciousness; full of envy, murder, debate, deceit, malignity; whisperers,
30 Backbiters, haters of God, despiteful, proud, boasters, inventors of evil things, disobedient to parents,
31 Without understanding, covenantbreakers, without natural affection, implacable, unmerciful:
32 Who knowing the judgment of God, that they which commit such things are worthy of death, not only do the same, but have pleasure in them that do them.
REVELATION 9:7-8
7 And the shapes of the locusts were like unto horses prepared unto battle; and on their heads were as it were crowns like gold, and their faces were as the faces of men.
8 And they had hair as the hair of women, and their teeth were as the teeth of lions.
EVIL INVENTIONS ARE PREDICTED IN THE BIBLE.
ROMANS 1:29-32
29 Being filled with all unrighteousness, fornication, wickedness, covetousness, maliciousness; full of envy, murder, debate, deceit, malignity; whisperers,
30 Backbiters, haters of God, despiteful, proud, boasters, inventors of evil things, disobedient to parents,
31 Without understanding, covenantbreakers, without natural affection, implacable, unmerciful:
32 Who knowing the judgment of God, that they which commit such things are worthy of death, not only do the same, but have pleasure in them that do them.
REVELATION 9:7-8
7 And the shapes of the locusts were like unto horses prepared unto battle; and on their heads were as it were crowns like gold, and their faces were as the faces of men.
8 And they had hair as the hair of women, and their teeth were as the teeth of lions.
DNA Data Storage
Just when you thought efforts to find better
ways to store large amounts of data couldn’t get more outre, researchers
in the UK have cooked up a way to put data on human DNA at a density of
2.2 petabytes per gram.
Molecular biologists Nick Goldman and Ewan Birney at the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI) published their research in a recent edition of Nature. While some Harvard researchers did something similar last year, they were only able to cram a measly 700 terabits per gram of information onto the double helix. The EBI team tripled that capacity.
The researchers converted their data into binary code, then converted it into trinary code (0s, 1s, and 2s). The data was then rewritten as strings of DNA chemical bases (As, Gs, Cs, and Ts). By encoding the information multiple times, they ensured it could be read back with 100% accuracy. As a test, they encoded several of Shakespeare’s sonnets, some photos, and Martin Luther King’s “I Have a Dream Speech.”
“We already know that DNA is a robust way to store information because we can extract it from wooly mammoth bones, which date back tens of thousands of years, and make sense of it,” Goldman said. “It’s also incredibly small, dense and does not need any power for storage, so shipping and keeping it is easy.”
It’s still incredibly expensive, largely because of the costs of DNA synthesis, but those costs are dropping and the technology could be cost effective within the next 50 years. (At current prices, it would only make sense to use the technology if you planned to store the data for 500 years or more.) Two other problems: you can only write the data once, and you have to sequence large chunks of DNA to find any given piece of information.
Data are available at http://www.ebi.ac.uk/goldman-srv/DNA-storage and in the Sequence Read Archive (SRA) with accession number ERP002040.
Towards practical, high-capacity, low-maintenance information storage in synthesized DNA
Molecular biologists Nick Goldman and Ewan Birney at the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI) published their research in a recent edition of Nature. While some Harvard researchers did something similar last year, they were only able to cram a measly 700 terabits per gram of information onto the double helix. The EBI team tripled that capacity.
The researchers converted their data into binary code, then converted it into trinary code (0s, 1s, and 2s). The data was then rewritten as strings of DNA chemical bases (As, Gs, Cs, and Ts). By encoding the information multiple times, they ensured it could be read back with 100% accuracy. As a test, they encoded several of Shakespeare’s sonnets, some photos, and Martin Luther King’s “I Have a Dream Speech.”
“We already know that DNA is a robust way to store information because we can extract it from wooly mammoth bones, which date back tens of thousands of years, and make sense of it,” Goldman said. “It’s also incredibly small, dense and does not need any power for storage, so shipping and keeping it is easy.”
It’s still incredibly expensive, largely because of the costs of DNA synthesis, but those costs are dropping and the technology could be cost effective within the next 50 years. (At current prices, it would only make sense to use the technology if you planned to store the data for 500 years or more.) Two other problems: you can only write the data once, and you have to sequence large chunks of DNA to find any given piece of information.
Data are available at http://www.ebi.ac.uk/goldman-srv/DNA-storage and in the Sequence Read Archive (SRA) with accession number ERP002040.
Nature |
Letter
- Published online
Digital
production, transmission and storage have revolutionized how we access
and use information but have also made archiving an increasingly complex
task that requires active, continuing maintenance of digital media.
This challenge has focused some interest on DNA as an attractive target
for information storage1 because of its capacity for high-density information encoding, longevity under easily achieved conditions2, 3, 4
and proven track record as an information bearer. Previous DNA-based
information storage approaches have encoded only trivial amounts of
information5, 6, 7 or were not amenable to scaling-up8, and used no robust error-correction and lacked examination of their cost-efficiency for large-scale information archival9.
Here we describe a scalable method that can reliably store more
information than has been handled before. We encoded computer files
totalling 739 kilobytes of hard-disk storage and with an estimated
Shannon information10 of 5.2 × 106
bits into a DNA code, synthesized this DNA, sequenced it and
reconstructed the original files with 100% accuracy. Theoretical
analysis indicates that our DNA-based storage scheme could be scaled far
beyond current global information volumes and offers a realistic
technology for large-scale, long-term and infrequently accessed digital
archiving. In fact, current trends in technological advances are
reducing DNA synthesis costs at a pace that should make our scheme
cost-effective for sub-50-year archiving within a decade.
Computer
technology becomes smaller and more powerful with every passing day.
That’s a fact that many of us have adjusted to or simply grown up with.
Progress in miniaturization and data storage seem impressive until, once
again, nature shows us how inefficient and clumsy our efforts still
are.
By converting binary code into the four amino acid base pairs that compose DNA, researchers were able to store 154 Shakespeare sonnets, a photo, a scientific paper and 26 seconds of Martin Luther King’s “I Have a Dream” speech all on a cluster of DNA barely visible to the human eye. This process creates strands of synthetic DNA that can then be read by machines and converted back into usable information.
The process of reading the information mentioned above took about two weeks due to the currently inefficient technology being used. Advances in the process will drive this time down but retrieval is an inefficient process compared to storage. This fact, in conjunction with DNA’s shelf life under storage conditions, makes DNA a useful long-term storage medium for information not requiring frequent reading. Examples of this type of data include historical records, weather data or library archives.
The study’s co-author Nick Goldman speculates that in around a decade the technology should be sufficiently advanced for consumers to store long-term data like wedding photos or home videos.
DNA Data Banks
We've been made of storage space this whole time?
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By converting binary code into the four amino acid base pairs that compose DNA, researchers were able to store 154 Shakespeare sonnets, a photo, a scientific paper and 26 seconds of Martin Luther King’s “I Have a Dream” speech all on a cluster of DNA barely visible to the human eye. This process creates strands of synthetic DNA that can then be read by machines and converted back into usable information.
The process of reading the information mentioned above took about two weeks due to the currently inefficient technology being used. Advances in the process will drive this time down but retrieval is an inefficient process compared to storage. This fact, in conjunction with DNA’s shelf life under storage conditions, makes DNA a useful long-term storage medium for information not requiring frequent reading. Examples of this type of data include historical records, weather data or library archives.
The study’s co-author Nick Goldman speculates that in around a decade the technology should be sufficiently advanced for consumers to store long-term data like wedding photos or home videos.
